Frequency of metabolic syndrome and the food intake patterns in adults living in a rural area of Brazil

Abstract

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, is related to an inadequate food intake pattern. Its incidence is increasing among Brazilian adults, including those living in rural areas. Our aim was not only to describe the frequency of MetS in adults with or without MetS but also to compare their food intake pattern as assessed by the healthy eating index (HEI) and serum albumin and C reactive protein (CRP) levels. Methods: Men and women (n = 246) living in a small village in Brazil were included. MetS was characterized according to the adult treatment panel (ATP III) criteria. Groups were compared by chi-square, student t or Mann-Whitney tests. Results: MetS was diagnosed in 15.4% of the cases. The MetS group showed higher CRP (1.8±1.2 vs. 1.0±0.9 mg/dl) and lower albumin (4.3±0.3 vs. 4.4±0.3 g/dl) serum levels compared to the control group. Additionally, the MetS group showed lower scores (median[range]) in the HEI compared to the control group (53.5[31.2-78.1] vs 58[29.7-89.5], respectively). The MetS group also had decreased scores for total fat and daily variety of food intake. Conclusions: The results suggest that adults with MetS displayed chronic mild inflammation and a poorer food intake pattern than the control group.

Síndrome metabólica em idosos da atenção terciária em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul: associação com o Índice de Alimentação Saudável

“…Entretanto o fato de a HAS ser o componente mais frequente, tanto entre os homens quanto entre as mulheres, é bastante referido em estudos nacionais e internacionais [6,15,49,58,64,[65][66][67][68][69][70]. Hiperinsulinemia, hiperlipidemia e hiperleptinemia ativam o sistema nervoso simpático, aumentando a concentração de noradrenalina circulante e causando elevação da pressão arterial.…”

“…Estudo que avaliou a associação entre a qualidade da dieta e fatores de risco cardiometabólicos em mulheres brasileiras pós-menopausa, também não encontrou diferença para os componentes do diagnóstico de SM [81]. Outra pesquisa, não com idosos, observou associação da ingestão alimentar inadequada com marcadores de inflamação crônica [15].…”

“…O IAS constitui uma medida global da qualidade da alimentação, representando um instrumento com amplo potencial de uso na epidemiologia nutricional, útil para a descrição e monitoramento do padrão alimentar da população [14]. Entretanto, a associação entre SM e índices de qualidade da dieta não têm sido objeto de estudo entre idosos brasileiros [15,16].…”

Aspectos metodológicos da avaliação da qualidade da dieta no Brasil: revisão sistemática

“…Study outcomes and index scores were found in 28 studies: seven of these evaluated the relationship of the index with socioeconomic and demographic factors and food items 17,[31][32][33][34][35][36] ; eight studies evaluated the relationship with socioeconomic factors and health [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] ; five studies evaluated the relationship with health outcomes [45][46][47][48][49] ; four studies evaluated the relationship with nutrients [50][51][52][53] ; two studies evaluated the relationship with some type of intervention 15,54 ; one study evaluated the relationship with nutrients and food items 55 ; and one study evaluated the relationship with socioeconomic and demographic factors 56 .…”

“…Some researchers use the term Healthy Eating Index [13][14][15][18][19][20][21]23,24,[27][28][29][30][31]33,34,[36][37][38]40,42,[45][46][47]50,[52][53][54] , while other studies refer to the Dietary Quality Index 11,12,17,22,25,26,32,35,39,41,43,44,48,49,51,55,56 . Some authors referred to using the Dietary Quality Index when they published in Brazilian journals and the Healthy Eating Index when they published in international journals, reinforcing the lack of standardization in relation to nomenclatures regarding indices.…”