Surveillance of visceral leishmaniasis in epidemiologically distinct locations in Juruti, a mining municipality in Pará State, Brazil Vigilância da leishmaniose visceral em localidades epidemiologicamente distintas em Juruti, um município minerário do Estado do Pará, Brasil Vigilancia de la leishmaniasis visceral en localidades epidemiológicamente diferentes en Juruti, municipio minero del Estado de Pará (Brasil) ABSTRACT Surveillance actions for human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) were carried out in Juruti, a mining municipality in Pará State. A peri-urban (Santa Maria-SM) and a rural (Capiranga-CA) location were selected with or without HVL, respectively, for the execution of four biannual serologic inquiries (lysate ELISA) in canine populations (SM = 94, CA = 45) and three entomological surveys (CDC light traps, 18-6 h x4). Subsequently, the clinical status, as well as the infection by Leishmania, was investigated in 53 dogs (SM = 28; CA = 25) with parasitological (bone marrow/lymph, Giemsa), molecular (peripheral blood leukocytes, kDNA-PCR) and serological (ELISA) diagnoses assessing different antigens (lysate, k39, Hsp83 -screen test, ROC curve). Seroprevalence varied in SM (45; 40; 15; 15%) and in CA (22; 30; 8.5; 0%), presenting increasing average IgG rates in SM (320; 378; 951; 1866; p <0.05) despite the euthanasia of dogs after the second survey, and stable average IgG rates in CA (100; 159; 141; 0), where euthanasia was not conducted. The frequency rates of Lutzomyia longipalpis/Lutzomyia spp. differed in SM (279/296) and CA (4/6). Clinical and laboratory results were similar for dogs from SM and CA, respectively: infection (parasitological examination: 86 and 84%; kDNA-PCR: 100%), clinical status (asymptomatic: 43 and 56%; symptomatic: 57 and 44%), and specificity by ELISA (100%). On the other hand, sensitivity (lysate: 44 and 18%; Hsp83: 48 and 27%; k39: 48 and 41%) and IgG levels (£ 6,400; £ 200) varied, respectively. The profile of canine infection in localities with or without HVL transmission differed only in terms of the level/evolution of IgG, which makes the temporality of investigations necessary, especially in quiet and isolated areas that present a low vector density and where the euthanasia of dogs would become unnecessary. The best serological test was ELISA-k39.