First isolation of dengue 1 virus from Aedes aegypti in Federal District, Brazil

Dégallier, Nicolas; Teixeira, Jose M.; Vilarinhos, Paulo de Tarso Ribeiro; Pinto, Santuzza C F; R, Pereira

doi:10.1590/s0037-86822000000100016

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In Brazil, there have been reports of the isolation of DENV from populations of A. aegypti in Distrito Federal (Center-West region of Brazil) [37], in Nova Iguaçu (Rio de Janeiro State – Southeast region of Brazil) [30], and in Manaus (capital of Amazonas State – North region of Brazil) [29], [38]. However, these findings did not document the phenomenon of the vertical transmission of DENV in A. aegypti occurring in Brazil, since the females submitted to the virus isolation tests had not been deprived of blood feeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Natural Vertical Transmission of Dengue-2 and Dengue-3 Viruses in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil

et al. 2012

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Background Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus perform an important role in the transmission of the dengue virus to human populations, particularly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Despite a lack of understanding in relation to the maintenance of the dengue virus in nature during interepidemic periods, the vertical transmission of the dengue virus in populations of A. aegypti and A. albopictus appears to be of significance in relation to the urban scenario of Fortaleza. Methods From March 2007 to July 2009 collections of larvae and pupae of Aedes spp were carried out in 40 neighborhoods of Fortaleza. The collections yielded 3,417 (91%) A. aegypti mosquitoes and 336 (9%) A. albopictus mosquitoes. Only pools containing females, randomly chosen, were submitted to the following tests indirect immunofluorescence (virus isolation), RT-PCR/nested-PCR and nucleotide sequencing at the C-prM junction of the dengue virus genome. Results The tests on pool 34 (35 A. albopictus mosquitoes) revealed with presence of DENV-3, pool 35 (50 A. aegypti mosquitoes) was found to be infected with DENV-2, while pool 49 (41 A. albopictus mosquitoes) revealed the simultaneous presence of DENV-2 and DENV-3. Based on the results obtained, there was a minimum infection rate of 0.5 for A. aegypti and 9.4 for A. albopictus. The fragments of 192 bp and 152 bp related to DENV-3, obtained from pools 34 and 49, was registered in GenBank with the access codes HM130699 and JF261696, respectively. Conclusions This study recorded the first natural evidence of the vertical transmission of the dengue virus in populations of A. aegypti and A. albopictus collected in Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil, opening a discuss on the epidemiological significance of this mechanism of viral transmission in the local scenario, particularly with respect to the maintenance of these viruses in nature during interepidemic periods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Natural Vertical Transmission of Dengue-2 and Dengue-3 Viruses in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil

et al. 2012

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“…In the light of poor results, a new wave of massive public health campaigns started in the 1990s, aimed at educating Brazilians on how to prevent the breeding of its carrier, the Aedes mosquito [46]. Widely disseminated materials outlined measures to eliminate mosquitobreeding sites, primarily instructing on the removal of stagnant water sources and managing solid waste in households and neighborhoods [47,48]. Yet, these efforts were unsuccessful at reducing either the incidence of dengue or the proportion of severe cases [29,46].…”

Section: Government Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus public health crisis and the perpetuation of gender inequality in Brazil

Coutinho

Montalvo

Weitzman³

et al. 2021

Reprod Health

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Background In 2015–2017, the Americas experienced a highly consequential epidemics for pregnancy and childbearing. Mainly transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, but also through sexual intercourse, the Zika virus poses the risk of congenital Zika syndrome to fetus, which includes microcephaly and other child development complications. When a public health crisis taps directly into reproductive health, typically a feminine realm, responses to the emergency may exacerbate deeply-rooted gender norms. This paper investigates the role of gender in two relational contexts: (a) the government-led response to the pandemic in terms of communication campaigns aimed at preventing Zika infections; and (b) an individual level of response to the emergency, concerning women’s negotiation with their sexual partners with regard to the prevention of Zika as well as pregnancies. Methods We conducted content analysis of 94 unique pieces from public health communication campaigns produced by governmental agencies with the goal of promoting Zika awareness. Print and online materials were collected from May 2016 to August 2017, and included TV ads, Internet Pop-ups, and pamphlets. We also analyzed transcripts from 16 focus groups conducted with reproductive-aged women (18–40) in Belo Horizonte and Recife, two large cities differently affected by the Zika outbreak. Women answered open-ended questions connected to the epidemic, in areas such as personal knowledge and experiences with the Zika virus, experiences of their friends and acquaintances, their primary information sources, their perceptions of public health efforts toward containing the outbreak, as well as women’s contraceptive use. Results Campaign pieces handling pregnancy and microcephaly were largely gendered. Pieces targeted women, placing on their shoulders the responsibility for protecting a potential fetus from the disease. Importantly, campaigns neglected addressing male’s participation on Zika prevention and contraceptive management, while failing to take into account Brazil’s large proportion of unplanned pregnancies. Women were placed in a double bind by being expected to prevent both pregnancy and Zika, in a context where gendered power imbalances often translate in women having little power/means for condom negotiation/avoiding unprotected sexual intercourse. Conclusion Government and individual responses to the epidemics reinforced gender roles, situating pregnant women as responsible for averting mosquito bites and microcephaly. Further, prevention campaigns largely excluded men. Since low-socioeconomic status women possessed fewer resources to preclude infection, we also found that beyond the gender divide, this subgroup faced more pronounced Zika prevention challenges as they found it harder to negotiate condom use with their sexual partners and often could not access other types of contraceptives resulting in unplanned pregnancies.

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“…Brasília is a city situated in CentralWest Brazil and has a rather recent history of contact with dengue. 4 When the number of imported cases is disregarded, the basic reproduction number is generally estimated from the epidemiological curve. At least four different methods for this estimation have been proposed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imported and autochthonous cases in the dynamics of dengue epidemics in Brazil

et al. 2009

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OBJECTIVE:To estimate the basic reproduction number (R 0 ) of dengue fever including both imported and autochthonous cases. METHODS:The study was conducted based on epidemiological data of the 2003 dengue epidemic in Brasília, Brazil. The basic reproduction number is estimated from the epidemic curve, fi tting linearly the increase of initial cases. Aiming at simulating an epidemic with both autochthonous and imported cases, a "susceptible-infectious-resistant" compartmental model was designed, in which the imported cases were considered as an external forcing. The ratio between R 0 of imported versus autochthonous cases was used as an estimator of real R 0 . RESULTS:The comparison of both reproduction numbers (only autochthonous versus all cases) showed that considering all cases as autochthonous yielded a R 0 above one, although the real R 0 was below one. The same results were seen when the method was applied on simulated epidemics with fi xed R 0 . This method was also compared to some previous proposed methods by other authors and showed that the latter underestimated R 0 values. CONCLUSIONS:It was shown that the inclusion of both imported and autochthonous cases is crucial for the modeling of the epidemic dynamics, and thus provides critical information for decision makers in charge of prevention and control of this disease. The quick expansion of vectors and viruses throughout nearly all Brazilian states is facilitated by ever increasing moving and traveling of people in the country. Until recent years in most localities the origin of dengue cases was neither reported nor investigated. To the authors' best knowledge, no study has been published investigating the impact of "imported" cases on the dynamics of the epidemics. The origin of each case in the 2002-2003 epidemics in Brasília was inferred after a detailed survey of the patient's background, taking into account the duration of the incubation phase of the disease. As these data about the most probable origin of these cases were available, we investigated its possible impact on the dynamics of dengue epidemics. We compared its dynamics with the outputs of a simple "susceptibleinfectious-resistant" (SIR) model modifi ed in order to include the input of daily numbers of imported cases when estimating the basic reproduction number (R 0 ). DESCRIPTORS:Mathematical modeling is a powerful tool to simulate real past situations, to input data from the present and hopefully to forecast future outcomes.6 It has been widely used to understand the dynamics of infectious RESUMO OBJETIVO: Estimar o número básico de reprodução da dengue (R 0 ), com base nos casos importados, além dos casos autóctones. MÉTODOS:O estudo foi feito sobre dados epidemiológicos da epidemia de dengue em Brasília, 2003. O número básico de reprodução é determinado a partir da curva epidêmica, ajustando uma reta ao crescimento inicial do número de casos. Para simular uma epidemia com casos autóctones e importados, foi criado um modelo compartimentado do tipo "suscetíveis-infectadosr...

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First isolation of dengue 1 virus from Aedes aegypti in Federal District, Brazil

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Occurrence of Natural Vertical Transmission of Dengue-2 and Dengue-3 Viruses in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil

Occurrence of Natural Vertical Transmission of Dengue-2 and Dengue-3 Viruses in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil

Zika virus public health crisis and the perpetuation of gender inequality in Brazil

Imported and autochthonous cases in the dynamics of dengue epidemics in Brazil

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