Prevalence of IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in patients with HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Galván-Ramírez, María de la Luz; Alvarado, Valdez; G, Vargas Gutierrez; O, Jiménez González; C, García Cosio; M, Vielma Sandoval

doi:10.1590/s0037-86821997000600004

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The high prevalence of latent T. gondii infection in the HIV-infected individuals in our study is consistent with previous reports from Bahir Dar [8] and Addis Ababa [7], in which seroprevalence of 87.4% and 93.3% was documented, respectively. In contrast, relatively low prevalence of T. gondii in HIV-infected individuals was documented elsewhere [24, 25]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LatentToxoplasma gondiiInfection and Associated Risk Factors among HIV-Infected Individuals at Arba Minch Hospital, South Ethiopia

Yohanes

Debalke

Zemene

2014

AIDS Research and Treatment

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Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). The parasite has cosmopolitan distribution, infecting almost all species of warm-blooded animals. Latent T. gondii infection in HIV/AIDS patients is a risk for development of cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT). The aim of this study is to determine seroprevalence of latent T. gondii infection and assess its associated factors among individuals infected with HIV in Arba Minch Hospital, south Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study involving 170 HIV-infected individuals attending Arba Minch Hospital antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic was conducted from April to June 2013. Data on demographic profile of the study participants and factors associated with T. gondii infection were gathered using a questionnaire. Serum was tested for IgG anti-T. gondii antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Seroprevalence of latent T. gondii infection among the study participants was 88.2%. Consumption of raw meat (AOR = 4.361; 95% CI: 1.409–13.496) and involvement in farming/gardening activities (AOR = 4.051; 95% CI: 1.112–14.758) were independent predictors of T. gondii seropositivity. This study revealed high prevalence of latent T. gondii infection, similar to other studies. Monitoring of the patients to prevent reactivation of the latent T. gondii infection is recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LatentToxoplasma gondiiInfection and Associated Risk Factors among HIV-Infected Individuals at Arba Minch Hospital, South Ethiopia

Yohanes

Debalke

Zemene

2014

AIDS Research and Treatment

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“…Meisheri et al in India reported a prevalence rate of 30.9% and 67.8% in the immunocompetent group and HIV-infected persons respectively 14. Galva Ramirez et al estimated a prevalence rate of 50% in the HIV-infected population in Mexico 15. In Africa, Lindstrom et al evaluated 130 HIV-positive patients in Uganda and estimated a prevalence rate of 54% 16.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody in HIV-infected patients at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital

Osunkalu¹,

Akanmu²,

Ofomah³

et al. 2011

HIV

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BackgroundToxoplasmosis is caused by infection with a ubiquitous intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. With the advent of the HIV pandemic in Nigeria, toxoplasmic encephalitis has become one of the more frequent opportunistic infections and the most commonly implicated cause of focal brain lesions complicating the course of AIDS.ObjectivesThis study was conducted to compare the pattern of seroprevalence of T. gondii (Toxo-IgG) antibodies among HIV-infected persons presenting with neurological complications and those without.Materials and methodsPlasma specimens collected from 380 subjects were tested for Toxo- IgG antibodies by enzyme immunoassay technique and CD4 estimation by flow cytometry. Close-ended questionnaires were applied to all respondents to collect relevant data, with ethical approval from the hospital ethical committee. Plasma was obtained from two study groups comprising 300 HIV-positive respondents without neurological presentations, and 80 HIV-positive respondents with neurological complications.ResultsSeroprevalence of Toxo-IgG antibodies was 58% in the HIV-positive study group without neurological complications (of these, 79.2% were males and 38.5% were females) and 40% in the study group with neurological complications (46.2% of these were males and 28.6% were females). The overall seroprevalence of Toxo-IgG antibodies among the HIV-positive respondents (with and without neurological complications) was 54.2% (206 of 380). Seroprevalence of Toxo-IgG antibodies was lowest among the educated subjects (19% of the respondents with tertiary education) and among females in both study groups. A higher proportion of the subjects with neurological complications had CD4 cell count <100 cells/μL compared with respondents without neurological defects (39% vs 22.7%; P = 0.000), but the seroprevalence of Toxo-IgG antibodies was higher in subjects without neurological complications (45% vs 31.3%; P = 0.000).ConclusionToxoplasmosis, though an important opportunistic infection in our environment, may not account for the majority of neurological complications observed in patients with HIV infection in our center.

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“…It is a public health concern by reason of its neurological manifestations among human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients and the potential association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. [1][2][3][4] The infection is mainly acquired through ingestion of undercooked or raw meat containing viable cysts, ingestion of food and water contaminated with oocysts shed by cats, or congenitally during pregnancy. [5][6][7] The course of the primary infection is often subclinical, with a majority of the infected individuals remaining asymptomatic; few patients may present mild symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated With Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM Antibodies, and Placental Histopathological Changes Among Women With Spontaneous Abortion in Mwanza City, Tanzania

Machumi¹,

Mirambo²,

Ruganuza³

et al. 2017

EAHRJ

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Background: Toxoplasma gondii infection in early pregnancy has been associated with significant adverse pregnancy outcomes. Despite being common in the city of Mwanza, its association with spontaneous abortion has never been studied. Here, we report the IgG and IgM seropositivity and histopathological changes of toxoplasmosis among women with spontaneous abortion.Methods: A total of 260 women with spontaneous abortion were enrolled between November 2015 and April 2016 from 4 hospitals in Mwanza city. Specific T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies were detected from sera by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while the conceptus tissues were stained with haematoxylin and eosin to demonstrate histopathological changes. Data were analysed by using Stata version 13.Results: The mean age of the enrolled women was 2665.9 years. The seropositivity of IgG and IgM antibodies were 144/260 (55.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 49-61) and 6/260 (2.3%; 95% CI, 3-8), respectively. IgG seropositivity was significantly high among women in the first trimester (59.1% vs.43.5%; P=.03). Only low gestation age (odds ratio [OR] 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.20; P=.02) and keeping a cat (OR 11.80; 95% CI, 1.32-10.5; P=.03) independently predicted IgG and IgM seropositivity, respectively. Presence of inflammation (OR 1.95; 95% CI, 1.05-3.64; P=.03), calcification (OR 3.28; 95% CI, 1.01-10.63; P=.04), necrosis (OR 2.86; 95% CI, 1.39-5.89; P=.04), and lymphocyte infiltrations (OR 2.24; 95% CI, 1.17-4.24; P=.01) were significantly associated with T. gondii IgG seropositivity.Conclusions: Almost half of women with spontaneous abortion in the city of Mwanza have specific T. gondii IgG antibodies. Placental histopathological changes suggestive of toxoplasmosis were significantly found among IgG seropositive women. This calls for the need to screen these women during antenatal visits in order to institute appropriate measures, such as treatment and counselling, to prevent complications associated T. gondii infection.

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Prevalence of IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in patients with HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

LatentToxoplasma gondiiInfection and Associated Risk Factors among HIV-Infected Individuals at Arba Minch Hospital, South Ethiopia

LatentToxoplasma gondiiInfection and Associated Risk Factors among HIV-Infected Individuals at Arba Minch Hospital, South Ethiopia

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody in HIV-infected patients at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital

Factors Associated With Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM Antibodies, and Placental Histopathological Changes Among Women With Spontaneous Abortion in Mwanza City, Tanzania

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