Acute Toxoplasmosis in a Breastfed Infant With Possible Transmission by Water

Capobiango, Jaqueline Dario; Mitsuka‐Breganó, Regina; Monica, Thaís Cabral; Ferreira, Fernanda Pinto; Reiche, Edna Maria Vissoci

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652015000600012

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…They exhibited that the incidence of T. gondii in raw camel, sheep and goat milk samples were 0%, 5.55% and 3.70%, respectively. T. gondii has also been recognized in the milk of numerous hosts, such as goat [22][23][24][25][26][27], sheep [28][29][30], donkey [23,31], cattle [32,33], camel [21,[34][35][36], buffalo [11], cat [37], dog [38], rat [39] and even human breast feed [40,41]. In keeping with this, only consumption of contaminated goat milk was associated with occurrence of human acute toxoplasmosis [42][43][44].Nevertheless, some sero-epidemiological surveys specified significantly association with ingestion of raw milk of other livestock and T. gondii infection [45][46][47][48][49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Age Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in Milk of Naturally Infected Animal Species and Dairy Samples

2020

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RIMARY infection by Toxoplasma gondii is habitually food borne and ingestion of foods with animal origins is measured as a risk factor. The current survey was performed to assess the seasonal and age distribution of T. gondii in diverse kinds of raw milk and traditional dairy products. Three-hundred and seventy raw milk and traditional dairy samples were collected and subjected to DNA extraction. B1 specific gene of T. gondii was perceived by means of the molecular technique. Eighteen out of 370 (4.86%) studied samples were positive for T. gondii. Molecular incidence of T. gondii in raw milk was 6.08%. T. gondii was also perceived in 2.85% of studied traditional dairy samples, respectively. Sheep milk (10%) and cheese (6.66%) had the uppermost molecular incidence of parasite. Molecular incidence of T. gondii in raw camel milk and cream and butter samples were 3.33%, 5% and 5%, respectively. Samples which were collected through autumn (15.55%) and summer (9.37%) seasons had the maximum molecular incidence of T. gondii. Raw milk samples of older than 4 years animal species (11.39%) had the maximum molecular incidence of T. gondii. The existingsurvey is the first report of seasonal and age distribution of T. gondii in diverse kinds of dairy samples. Raw sheep, goat, buffalo, bovine and camel milk and also traditional cheese, cream and butter dairy samples may harbor T. gondii infection. Seasonal and senile distribution should be measured for molecular incidence of T. gondii in milk of primary infected animals and also traditional dairy products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Age Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in Milk of Naturally Infected Animal Species and Dairy Samples

2020

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“…This type of transmission in such a young infant has not yet been reported in the literature. The ingestion of contaminated water has been described as another infection route for nursing infants 9 . Another controversial factor is transmission through breast milk, which has not yet been proven 10 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nursing infant with acquired toxoplasmosis in the first months of life – a case report

Rezende

Storchilo

Lima

et al. 2017

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii and the probability of this infection occurring in the first months of life is usually low because its transmission is related to eating habits. A 6-month-old nursing infant was diagnosed with acute toxoplasmosis, which was identified through anti- T. gondii IgA, IgM and low-avidity IgG serologic assays, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mouse bioassay test although its mother was seronegative. This serological divergence between mother and child led us to interview the mother regarding epidemiological factors. During this interview, she reported that she had given her 2-month-old baby a piece of undercooked beef to suck on. After some time, the baby presented fever and cervical lymphadenitis. This report emphasizes the importance of serological surveys of toxoplasmosis in nursing infants presenting with fever and lymphadenitis, in view of the possible acquisition of toxoplasmosis in the first months of life.

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“…Although the presence of Toxoplasma has been found in the milk of several animals, no cases of human transmission via breastfeeding have been confirmed to date. 34 In addition, anti-T gondii antibodies in breast milk may exert protective effects for the infant. Contaminated water containing oocysts is a more likely route of transmitting acute Toxoplasmosis infection amongst breastfeeding mothers and newborns, and measures to improve the sanitation of drinking water remain the focus of public health in many developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding With Infectious Diseases

Yeo

Yang

Ong

et al. 2022

Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare

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Aims: Human breast milk remains an important source of protection against infection, inflammation, allergy and long-term metabolic disorders for the breastfed offspring. During cases of ongoing infection, the dilemma faced by both medical health professionals and mothers is the need to balance the risk of continuing versus temporarily or permanently ceasing to breastfeed. The aim of our article is to review existing literature regarding breastfeeding during acute infectious and non-infectious illnesses and to provide feasible evidence-based suggestions which can be implemented by medical practitioners during counselling of breastfeeding mothers. Method: A literature search was conducted on PubMed (US National Library of Medicine) using various combinations of keywords related to breastfeeding and the various infections. The citations from all selected articles were reviewed for additional studies. Results: Most ongoing infections are not contraindications for breastfeeding, with the exceptions of Human Immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types 1 and 2. Even with HIV, there is increasing evidence to reassure that with adequate antiretroviral therapy, breastfeeding is likely to be safe. Of particular concern during the COVID-19 pandemic too, current evidence indicates that mothers with COVID-19 infection can safely breastfeed, and therefore initiation and continuation of breastfeeding should continue to protect the health of the babies and mothers. Conclusion: During this pandemic especially, there is a strong and urgent need to support mothers with acute infections who wish to breastfeed. With better awareness, physicians can play an important role in securing positive experiences for breastfeeding mothers and optimizing infant outcomes.

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Acute Toxoplasmosis in a Breastfed Infant With Possible Transmission by Water

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Seasonal and Age Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in Milk of Naturally Infected Animal Species and Dairy Samples

Seasonal and Age Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in Milk of Naturally Infected Animal Species and Dairy Samples

Nursing infant with acquired toxoplasmosis in the first months of life – a case report

Breastfeeding With Infectious Diseases

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