Origin and Prevalence of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (Htlv-1) and Type 2 (Htlv-2) Among Indigenous Populations in the Americas

Paiva, Afonso; Casseb, Jorge

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652015000100001

Cited by 57 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 120 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The analytical result indicates a high similarity and affinity between all reference protease sequences and Iranian samples, with an exception of Australia. The result of the study confirmed the findings of Arthur Paiva and colleagues who reported the transmission of the virus between the continents of Africa, Europe, Asia and America (16). The phylogenetic tree obtained from this study showed of high similarity between Iran (Mashhad) and German strains .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The comparative analysis of the protease molecule structure of the Human lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1)

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Aims: Human lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) causes various diseases in human such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraperesis (HAM / TSP). The main goal of this study was to compare Iranian protease subtypes structure of this virus (HTLV-1) to samples collected from other part of world in order to understand their differences. Materials and Methods: During 1394 -1395, 10 blood samples taken from HTLV-1 virus infected individuals. Samples were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process. The obtained products were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was performed. The second and third structures of these sequences were determined using a specialized websites. Results: The Iranian samples were completely exposed in to the cluster of Cosmopolitan subtype. The result of first structure alignment of protease protein in different subtypes of the virus, revealed some differences in the gene of interest. The conversion of the first structure to second and third structures, pairwise and multiple alignment showed no significant difference in the protease protein conformation. Conclusions:The comparison of HTLV-1 virus protease protein from Iran and other sequences in the world which were obtained from GenBank showed no significant dissimilarity. This dissimilarity helps to design a plan for production of the drug. Therefore, future studies can target a part of the protein and generalize a treatment for all subtypes circulating. This comparison has beneficiary effect in making the right medication that inhibit the subtypes of the virus emerging during the course of treatment.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The comparative analysis of the protease molecule structure of the Human lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1)

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Even if the CD4 levels are elevated, most of the cells may be functionally impaired 5 . Although the design of this study does not allow us to evaluate the impact of HTLV1 on the clinical course of HIV1, the four coinfected individuals were asymptomatic and three of them had normal CD4+ T cell counts (higher than 500 cells/ mm 3 , data not shown). In addition, similar CD4+ T counts were recorded between HTLV1/HIV1 coinfected and HIV1 mono-infected patients (599.7 versus 526.6 cells/µL, respectively; p > 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Worldwide, it is estimated that 5-10 million people are infected with HTLV1. This virus is endemic in Japan, sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean and some parts of South America 2 , 3 . Based on genetic analyses of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) region, HTLV1 has been classified into seven subtypes (1a-g).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Seroprevalence of HTLV in a Population of Hiv1-Infected Patients in Midwestern Brazil

Kozlowski

Matos

Carneiro

et al. 2016

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYHuman T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) may affect the clinical course of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV1). Both infections are common in endemic areas because these viruses share similar routes of transmission. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of HTLV1/2 in a population of HIV1-infected patients in the state of Goiás, Midwestern Brazil. Of the 505 studied patients, four (0.79%) were positive for anti-HTLV1/2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with HTLV1 infection confirmed by line immunoassay (LIA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in all of the ELISA-positive samples. No cases of HTLV2 infection were observed. The prevalence of HTLV1/HIV1 coinfection was 0.79% (4/505; 95% CI: 0.25-2.16). All the coinfected patients reported sexual risk behaviors and only one reported intravenous drug use. Sequencing of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) region and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the four HTLV1 isolates belonged to the Transcontinental a subgroup of the Cosmopolitan (1a) subtype, the most frequent subgroup detected in Brazil. This study shows a low prevalence of HTLV1/2 in HIV1-infected patients in Midwestern Brazil.

show abstract

“…Some of these transmission events are estimated to have occurred as early as the Paleolithic Stone Age (4,5). Despite low levels of infectivity and transmissibility, there are likely 10 million to 20 million carriers worldwide, and the virus is endemic in Japan, the Pacific Islands, the Caribbean, Central Africa, and Brazil (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphic Nature of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Particle Cores as Revealed through Characterization of a Chronically Infected Cell Line

Meissner

Mendonça

Zhang

et al. 2017

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HTLV-1 cell-to-cell transmission is dependent on the release of infectious virus particles into the virological synapse. The HTLV-1 particle structure is still poorly understood, and previous studies analyzed viruses produced by transformed lymphocytic cell lines chronically infected with HTLV-1, particularly the MT-2 cell line, which harbors truncated proviruses and expresses aberrant forms of the Gag protein. In this study, we demonstrate that the chronically infected SP cell line harbors a relatively low number of proviruses, making it a more promising experimental system for the study of the HTLV-1 particle structure. We first identified the genomic sites of integration and characterized the genetic structure of the gag region in each provirus. We also determined that despite encoding a truncated Gag protein, only the full-length Gag protein was incorporated into virus particles. Cryotransmission electron microscopy analyses of the purified virus particles revealed three classes of particles based upon capsid core morphology: complete cores, incomplete cores, and particles without distinct electron densities that would correlate with the capsid region of a core structure. Observed cores were generally polygonal, and virus particles were on average 115 nm in diameter. These data corroborate particle morphologies previously observed for MT-2 cells and provide evidence that the known poor infectivity of HTLV-1 particles may correlate with HTLV-1 particle populations containing few virus particles possessing a complete capsid core structure. IMPORTANCE Studies of retroviral particle core morphology have demonstrated a correlation between capsid core stability and the relative infectivity of the virus. In this study, we used cryo-transmission electron microscopy to demonstrate that HTLV-1 particles produced from a distinct chronically infected cell line are polymorphic in nature, with many particles lacking organized electron densities that would correlate with a complete core structure. These findings have important implications for infectious HTLV-1 spread, particularly in the context of cell-to-cell transmission, a critical step in HTLV-1 transmission and pathogenesis.KEYWORDS Gag, core morphology, cryoelectron microscopy, human retrovirus, infectivity, retrovirus assembly H uman T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first-described human retrovirus and is estimated to have emerged in the human population via multiple events of zoonotic transmission from monkeys to humans (1-3). Some of these

show abstract

Origin and Prevalence of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (Htlv-1) and Type 2 (Htlv-2) Among Indigenous Populations in the Americas

Cited by 57 publications

References 120 publications

The comparative analysis of the protease molecule structure of the Human lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1)

The comparative analysis of the protease molecule structure of the Human lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1)

Seroprevalence of HTLV in a Population of Hiv1-Infected Patients in Midwestern Brazil

Polymorphic Nature of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Particle Cores as Revealed through Characterization of a Chronically Infected Cell Line

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About