HIV-1-mother-to-child transmission and associated characteristics in a public maternity unit in Presidente Prudente, Brazil

Abstract

SUMMARYIn children, vertical transmission is the main form of HIV infection. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of HIV-1 vertical transmission in mother-infant pairs in a public maternity ward in Presidente Prudente, SP. Additionally; we sought to identify characteristics associated with this form of transmission. The files of 86 HIV-1-infected mothers and their newborns referred to a Public Hospital from March 2002 to March 2007 were analyzed. The HIV-1-RNA viral load of the newborns was determined by bDNA. The HIV-1 vertical-transmission rate was 4.6%. Children that were born in the pre-term period and breastfed were at a higher risk of HIV-1 infection (p = 0.005 and p = 0.017 respectively) than children born at term and not breastfed. Prophylactic therapy with zidovudine after birth for newborns was associated with a lower risk of infection (p = 0.003). The number of newborns weighing < 2,500 g was significantly higher for infected children (p = 0.008) than for non-infected newborns. About 22.9% of mothers did not know the HIV-1 status of their newborns eight months after delivery. The study suggests that it is necessary to increase the identification of HIV-1 infection in pregnant women and their newborns as well as to offer and explain the benefits of ARV prophylaxis.

Clinical and epidemiological profile and reproductive outcome in hiv-infected pregnant women assisted at a university hospital maternity in vitória, brazil

“…Regarding TV cases, it was observed they all occurred with some factor associated with increased transmission (syphilis, without prenatal and without art). This rate is similar to that found in another location study (7) and in other Brazilian cities (10,15,29) , however was fewer than the Brazilian rate in 2001 (7.1%) and less than the rate of TV in the Southeast (7.0 %) (30) . In Brazil, the rates of HIV mother-to-child transmission had decreased in the last decade due implementation of the measures of the STD/Aids program (6) .…”

Incidência de transmissão vertical do HIV entre gestantes soropositivas cadastradas em um serviço de referência regional Incidence of HIV vertical transmission among HIV-positive pregnant women treated at a regional reference service

“…1 Among them, it is observed that the proportion of HIV-infected women grows quickly. 2 This fact leads to an important point: HIV infection in pregnant women. This is because, in addition to HIV be transmitted by the exchange of bodily fluids such as blood, vaginal secretions and semen, the infection can also occur in HIV-positive mothers to their babies during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding, and this type of transmission It gives the name of vertical transmission.…”

“…[4][5] A given relevant in this context is that, according to estimates, there are about 240.000 women age reproductive who have the AIDS virus and that most do not know it was HIV-positive. 5 In Brazil, the HIV case detection rate in pregnant women in 2012 amounted to 2,4 cases per 1000 living born. 4 In a pregnant woman, when there is no type of treatment, the rate of vertical transmission of HIV to the baby can be of 20%.…”

Cross-breastfeeding, from negligence to moral virtues: a descriptive study

“…Entre as formas de contaminação pelo HIV está o leite materno, sendo a principal fonte de infecção do vírus em crianças (4) . Isso justifica a recomendação de proibir a amamentação cruzada, ou seja, a prática de oferecer o leite materno diretamente da mama ou ordenhado a uma criança que não o seu próprio filho (5) pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância (UNICEF) e adotada pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil.…”