Environmental contamination by Toxocara spp. Eggs in a rural settlement in Brazil

Santarém, Vamilton Álvares; Franco, Elisabeth da Cunha; Kozuki, Fernanda Torres; Fini, Danila; Prestes-Carneiro, Luiz Euribel

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652008000500006

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…eggs over large areas, as previously discussed. 16,31 Both Toxocara spp. and T. gondii are known to cause ocular lesions that can lead to partial or total loss of vision in the affected eye.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis, toxocariasis and cysticercosis in a rural settlement, São Paulo State, Brazil

Prestes-Carneiro

Rubinsky-Elefant

Ferreira³

et al. 2013

Pathogens and Global Health

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Background: The goal of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of Toxocara spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Taenia solium metacestode infection and determine some of the associated risk factors for people living in the Dona Carmen settlement, Pontal of Paranapanema, Sã o Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Serum samples from 194 subjects were tested and participants answered a questionnaire. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system based on Toxocara spp. excretory-secretory antigens obtained from the cultured second-stage larvae of Toxocara canis or vesicular fluid (VF) antigen from Taenia crassiceps metacestode was used to detect anti-Toxocara spp. IgG and IgE and anti-T. solium metacestode, respectively. For cysticercosis, the reactive ELISA samples were assayed by Western blotting using 18 kDa and 14 kDa proteins purified from VF. For T. gondii-specific IgG and IgM antibodies, anti-SAG-1, GRA-1, and GRA-7 epitope specificity was determined by ELISA. Results: Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies were found in 102/194 individuals (52.6%) with increased infections in females (P 5 0.02) and those with #US$300 monthly income (P 5 0.01). Positive IgM antibodies were detected in 21/194 individuals (10.8%). Antibodies specific to Toxocara spp. were found in 28/194 subjects (14.4%). All the individuals with Toxocara spp. also had T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies. Taenia solium metacestode antibodies were detected in 11 subjects (5.7%), but none were reactive based on Western blotting. Conclusion: In spite of environmental, educational, and socioeconomic factors favoring parasite infection, the seropositivity rates of T. gondii, Toxocara spp., and T. solium metacestode-specific IgG antibodies are similar to the rates found in studies conducted in different populations in Brazil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis, toxocariasis and cysticercosis in a rural settlement, São Paulo State, Brazil

Prestes-Carneiro

Rubinsky-Elefant

Ferreira³

et al. 2013

Pathogens and Global Health

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“…In order to compare the interference of the variables on the T. canis recovery, a technique described previously was employed 30 . Ten milliliters of Tween 80 0.2% (v/v) was added to contaminated soil.…”

Section: Recovery Of Eggs (Standard Procedure)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of variables on centrifuge-flotation technique for recovery of Toxocara canis eggs from soil

Santarém

Magoti

Sichieri

2009

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of variables in a flotation technique for the recovery of Toxocara canis eggs from soil. The trials were done under standardized conditions on one gram of previously sterilized soil samples contaminated with 200 eggs of T. canis. The following variables were evaluated in serial steps: sieving; type of wash; time of stirring; resuspension of sediment; solution flotation. Centrifuge-flotation in sodium nitrate (d = 1.20 g/cm 3 ) was adopted as an initial technique, using Tween 80 (0.2%) and decinormal sodium hydroxide as solutions for washing the samples. Ten tests were done to compare the variables, using counting in triplicate. The sieving of the material reduced significantly the recovery of eggs (p < 0.001) and the number of eggs recovered was higher when the sediment was resuspended (p < 0.05). After standardization, flotation solutions sodium chloride, zinc sulfate, sodium dichromate, magnesium sulfate, and sodium nitrate (d = 1.20g/cm 3 ) were compared. The best results were obtained by using zinc sulfate solution. In conclusion, the chances of recovering T. canis eggs from samples using flotation solutions can be increased by washing of soil twice using distilled water, and resuspension of sediment. On the other hand, the sieving procedure can drastically reduce the number of eggs.

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“…As colheitas foram efetuadas após a eliminação das sujidades da superfície, a uma profundidade de 5,0 cm e inclinação de 45º. O material coletado foi acondicionado em sacos plásticos, cada um contendo amostras de uma das faces da casa (SANTARÉM et al, 2008), totalizando 48 amostras. O material foi armazenado sob refrigeração (4ºC) até o processamento.…”

Section: Contaminação De Solo Por Ovos Deunclassified

“…A frequência de contaminação por Toxocara spp. foi de 41,7% (5/12), valor acima do relatado por Santarém et al (2008), que recuperaram ovos em 29% dos lotes em assentamento rural no estado de São Paulo. A recuperação de ovos de Toxocara spp.…”

Section: Contaminação De Solo Por Ovos Deunclassified

Contaminação de solo por ovos de Toxocara spp. e outros geohelmintos em comunidade rural do Pantanal Matogrossense, Brasil

Onuma¹,

Melo

Stocco

et al. 2014

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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ResumoA investigação da contaminação do solo por enteroparasitos já foi efetuada em várias regiões do Brasil, principalmente em locais que podem apresentar riscos à saúde humana, como creches e praças públicas. No presente trabalho, foi relatada a contaminação do solo por ovos de Toxocara spp., Ascaris spp., tricostrongilídeos e oocistos de protozoários em uma comunidade rural localizada no Pantanal Mato-Grossense. Os resultados do presente estudo ressaltam o risco a que podem estar expostos os moradores de comunidades em condições precárias de habitação e saneamento com relação à infecção por parasitas. Palavras-chave:Contaminação do solo. Parasitas. Zoonoses. AbstractStudies concerning soil contamination by enteroparasites have been carried out in different regions of Brazil, particularly in areas that may represent risks to human health, such as daycare playgrounds and public parks. In this study, contamination of soil by eggs of Toxocara spp., Ascaris spp., trichostrongylids as well as by oocysts of protozoa was reported in a rural community located close to the Pantanal Mato-Grossense, Brazil. The results highlight the risk of people living in communities with precarious sanitary conditions in relation to parasitic infection.Keywords: Soil contamination. Parasites. Zoonosis. Parasitas do gênero Toxocara, em especial Toxocara canis e Toxocara cati, infestam o intestino de canídeos e felídeos e são os principais agentes da toxacaríase, uma antropozoonose cosmopolita denominada larva migrans vísceral/ocular. A doença apresenta quadro clínico variável e inespecífico em consequência das reações mecânicas e imunológicas provocadas pela presença de larvas (ANDRADE, 2000). Cães e gatos têm papel relevante na transmissão da doença aos humanos a partir da eliminação de ovos nas fezes em áreas públicas (SANTARÉM; SARTOR; BER-GAMO, 1998). A contaminação do solo por Toxocara spp. em diferentes ambientes, assim como por outros geo-helmintos tem sido confirmada, o que ressalta a importância destas parasitoses para a saúde pública (SANTARÉM; SARTOR; BERGAMO, 1998; TIYO et al., 2008;CASSENOTE et al., 2011). Entretanto, são escassas as informações sobre contaminação por esses parasitas em áreas pouco urbanizadas ou próximas a ambientes rurais ou silvestres. Diante do exposto, o Contaminação de solo por ovos de

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Environmental contamination by Toxocara spp. Eggs in a rural settlement in Brazil

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis, toxocariasis and cysticercosis in a rural settlement, São Paulo State, Brazil

Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis, toxocariasis and cysticercosis in a rural settlement, São Paulo State, Brazil

Influence of variables on centrifuge-flotation technique for recovery of Toxocara canis eggs from soil

Contaminação de solo por ovos de Toxocara spp. e outros geohelmintos em comunidade rural do Pantanal Matogrossense, Brasil

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