No evidence of vertical transmission of HTLV-I in bottle-fed children

Bittencourt, Achiléa Lisboa; Sabino, Éster Cerdeira; Costa, Cyro Paulino da; Pedroso, Célia; Moreira, Lícia Maria Oliveira

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652002000200002

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Quanto à transmissão por contato sexual, é maior a ocorrência da transmissão do homem para a mulher, sendo esta de 60,8% , e rara da mulher para o homem, que é de 0,4% 4 . A via básica de transmissão vertical (TV) do HTLV, tanto para o tipo I quanto para o tipo II, é a amamentação natural, podendo ocorrer ainda por via transplacentária ou hematogênica, contaminação do feto no canal do parto, por via ascendente ou contato íntimo entre a mãe e a criança 4,6 . Contudo, dentre as vias alternativas de transmissão, as mais prováveis são a transplacentária e a contaminação no canal do parto 4,6 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…A via básica de transmissão vertical (TV) do HTLV, tanto para o tipo I quanto para o tipo II, é a amamentação natural, podendo ocorrer ainda por via transplacentária ou hematogênica, contaminação do feto no canal do parto, por via ascendente ou contato íntimo entre a mãe e a criança 4,6 . Contudo, dentre as vias alternativas de transmissão, as mais prováveis são a transplacentária e a contaminação no canal do parto 4,6 . O diagnóstico da infecção pelo vírus HTLV-I é feito em duas etapas: triagem e confirmação 3 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Infecção pelo vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas e transmissão vertical em gestantes de estado da Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil

Figueiró-Filho¹,

Lopes²,

Senefonte³

et al. 2005

Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.

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Objetivos: avaliar a prevalência, características epidemiológicas (idade e procedência) e a taxa de transmissão vertical da infecção pelo HTLV I/II em gestantes submetidas à triagem pré-natal de acordo com o Programa de Proteção à Gestante do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Métodos: estudo descritivo transversal que incluiu 32.512 gestantes submetidas à triagem pré-natal no período de novembro de 2002 a outubro de 2003. Todas as gestantes da amostra foram submetidas aos testes sorológicos pelo método ELISA para o diagnóstico da infecção pelo HTLV, sendo os casos positivos confirmados pelos métodos Western blot e/ou PCR. O diagnóstico neonatal de infecção congênita foi realizado pela pesquisa de anticorpos anti-HTLV I/II confirmados por Western blot e PCR. A relação entre as variáveis (idade e procedência) foi avaliada pelo teste do χ 2 , em tabelas de dupla entrada, considerando p<0,05 para rejeição das hipóteses de nulidade (não existência da associação entre a idade materna e infecção pelo HTLV I/II e associação entre procedência e positividade para a infecção pelo HTLV I/II.). Resultados: encontrou-se prevalência de 0,1% de gestantes infectadas pelo HTLV I/II (37) dentre as 32.512 pacientes triadas. A média de idade das gestantes infectadas pelo HTLV foi de 25,4±6,4 anos, sendo que houve predomínio de pacientes procedentes do interior do estado (78,4%). Não houve associação da idade com faixa etária materna e procedência. Apenas 8 (21,6% da amostra) recém-nascidos foram avaliados quanto à presença da infecção congênita pelo HTLV I/II, todos com infecção congênita confirmada. Apenas 1 recém-nascido (9%) recebeu amamentação natural. Conclusões: a prevalência da infecção pelo HTLV I/II em gestantes sul-matogrossenses foi menor que os valores encontrados em estudos com gestantes de países endêmicos. No entanto, esteve próximo às taxas encontradas em países considerados não endêmicos e em alguns estudos brasileiros. A transmissão vertical ocorreu em 100% da amostra avaliada, mesmo a amamentação sendo proscrita. Verificou-se a necessidade de aprimorar o seguimento das gestantes e seus recém-nascidos no estado, uma vez que a minoria dos recém-nascidos foram investigados quanto à ocorrência de transmissão vertical do HTLV. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Infecções por HTLVI; Infecções por HTLVII; Complicações infecciosas na gravidez; Gravidez; Infecção congênita ABSTRACT Purpose: to evaluate the prevalence, epidemiological profile (age and origin) and vertical transmission rate of HTLV I/II infection in pregnant women screened by the Pregnant Protection Program of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul -Brazil. Methods: it is a descriptive and transversal study of 32,512 pregnant women submitted to a prenatal screening from November 2002 to October 2003. HTLV I/II infection was diagnosed in all pregnant women by ELISA, confirmed by Western blot and PCR. Congenital HTLV infection was investigated by ELISA test, Western blot and PCR performed on the child's blood sample. The associations between data (age, origin and HTLV infection) were statis...

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Infecção pelo vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas e transmissão vertical em gestantes de estado da Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil

Figueiró-Filho¹,

Lopes²,

Senefonte³

et al. 2005

Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.

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“…In support of this claim, both transfusions from frozen plasma from carriers (131) and freeze-thawed mother's breast milk reduced transmission (13,70,122). This stringent cell-associated transmission requirement may contribute to viral latency.…”

Section: Htlv-1 Epidemiology and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 97%

HTLV-1 Tax Effects on Cellular Mitotic Regulation

Merling¹

2007

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The human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1) encodes the tax gene (transactivator encoded by the pX region) which is a potent activator of viral transcription and Nuclear , this cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor may also play a role in tax-IRS.As part of the research presented in this dissertation, a collection of HTLV-1 tax point mutants were isolated that permit normal growth of S. cerevisiae. Similar to wild-type tax, many mutants (C23W, A108T, L159F, and L235F) transactivated both the HTLV long terminal repeat (LTR) and the NF-!B reporters. The V19M mutant preferentially activated NF-!B, but was attenuated in LTR activation. None of the mutants significantly elevated the levels of p21 CIP1/WAF1 and p27 KIP1 , indicating that dramatic Tax-induced surges in p21and p27 KIP1 occurs by mechanisms distinct from NF-!B and LTR activation. Importantly, the ability of these mutants to activate APC was attenuated or abrogated. These data show that Tax-induced rapid senescence is causally associated with APC activation and suggest iv that the mitotic abnormalities that are associated with premature APC activation might play an important role in cell transformation by Tax.In a parallel study, we demonstrate that Tax interacts with both centrosomal Nek2-associated protein 1 (C-Nap1), a large coiled-coil protein that maintains centrosome cohesion, and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and that these interactions localize to the centrosome. Furthermore, in cells expressing tax, C-Nap1 phosphorylation is greatly diminished. C-Nap1 phosphorylation status plays an important role in centrosome cycle progression; PP1-mediated dephosphorylation of C-Nap1 maintains centriolar cohesion during interphase, and never in mitosis A (NIMA)-related kinase 2 (Nek2A)-mediated phosphorylation of C-Nap1 during G2/M triggers C-Nap1 dissociation from duplicated centrosomes permitting normal centrosome disjunction. Our data suggest that Tax, through recruitment of PP1 to C-Nap1, may permit prolonged C-Nap1 dephosphorylation thereby disrupting normal centrosome disjunction leading to observed Tax-induced centrosome abnormalities and distinct microtubule organizing center (MTOC) loss.Our studies have revealed two distinct pathways through which Tax could contribute to oncogenesis. First, our Tax mutants that retained LTR and NF-!B activation properties but were impaired in APC activation were also defective in the ability to transform Rat1 fibroblasts. Therefore, premature APC activation by Tax appears to correlate with the ability of Tax to induce cellular transformation. Second, our demonstration of Tax-mediated alterations in C-Nap1 phosphorylation cycle offers an explanation for the centrosome abnormalities and mitotic apparatus defects observed in response to Tax expression.Chromosomal abnormalities resulting from such mitotic apparatus defects may be expected to contribute to the oncogenic potential of Tax.v

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“…[10][11][12][13][14][15] In these cases, transmission is likely to be transplacental or from contamination in the birth canal. 16 used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess 41 children who were born to carriers and who had not been breastfed (mean age of 11 months) and did not detect any cases of transmission.…”

Section: Modes Of Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of delivery reduces vertical infection rates of the acquired immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and the possibility that it may also have interfered in the absence of vertical transmission in these cases cannot be ruled out. 16 …”

Section: Bittencourt Et Al In 2002mentioning

confidence: 99%

Manifestações infanto-juvenis da infecção pelo vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas (HTLV-I)

Bittencourt¹,

Primo²,

Oliveira³

2006

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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Objectives: To review the literature on diseases linked with infection by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in childhood and adolescence, with focus on clinical aspects, diagnosis, pathogenesis, progression and treatment.Sources: Medical literature published during the last 20 years identified using PubMed and MEDLINE and from specialized medical books, with emphasis on infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-I (IDH), on the juvenile form of HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), on adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and on HTLV-I-associated uveitis. Keywords used to search databases were: HTLV-I-associated infective dermatitis, HTLV-Iassociated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, HTLV-I-associated uveitis.Summary of the findings: IDH is a chronic, relapsing and infected dermatitis of childhood which always involves the scalp and which may progress to HAM/TSP and ATL. HAM/TSP is a chronic and incapacitating myelopathy of adults. There are 17 well-documented cases of HAM/TSP in children and adolescents in the literature, 12 of whom are patients with IDH. In contrast with the adult form of the disease, the juvenile form is rapid and progressive. ATL is a type of Tcell leukemia/lymphoma that affects adults and is generally fatal. Eleven of the 24 published reports of ATL in children and adolescents were diagnosed in Brazil.Conclusions: These diseases are likely to be more common in childhood and adolescence than the literature would suggest. It is advisable that serological testing be performed for HTLV-I in children and adolescents suffering from chronic and relapsing eczema, with signs and symptoms of myelopathy or with a diagnosis of T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. It is important that pediatricians know how to recognize the pediatric manifestations of this infection in order to correctly diagnose them and offer their patients appropriate guidance and treatment.

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No evidence of vertical transmission of HTLV-I in bottle-fed children

Cited by 31 publications

References 18 publications

Infecção pelo vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas e transmissão vertical em gestantes de estado da Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil

Infecção pelo vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas e transmissão vertical em gestantes de estado da Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil

HTLV-1 Tax Effects on Cellular Mitotic Regulation

Manifestações infanto-juvenis da infecção pelo vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas (HTLV-I)

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