Aerobic bacteria, Chlamydia trachomatis, Pneumocystis carinii and Cytomegalovirus as agents of severe peneumonia in small infants

Ejzenberg, Bernardo; Melles, Heloisa Helena Barbosa; Melles, Carmo Elias Andrade; Dias, Rosa Maria Donini Souza; Baldacci, Evandro Roberto; Okay, Yassuhiko

doi:10.1590/s0036-46651996000100003

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Along with other researchers, the authors have already concluded that most of the bacterial infections could only be recognized by pulmonary punction, a procedure that was not used in the study 22 . Additionally, the occurrence of mixed infections-virus/bacteria is a well known phenomenon, as was observed in 5 cases (5.0%) ( Table 2), and that figure could be actually larger than the one detected 10,11,14 . Another methodological aspect that can result in underestimation of the bacterial role in the present study involves the previous use of antibiotics, which occurred in 76 children (31.8%) from Group A (with LRD).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Clinical patterns and seasonal trends in respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in São Paulo, Brazil

Vieira

Stewien

Queiróz

et al. 2001

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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The respiratory viruses are recognized as the most frequent lower respiratory tract pathogens for infants and young children in developed countries but less is known for developing populations. The authors conducted a prospective study to evaluate the occurrence, clinical patterns, and seasonal trends of viral infections among hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract disease (Group A). The presence of respiratory viruses in children's nasopharyngeal was assessed at admission in a pediatric ward. Cell cultures and immunofluorescence assays were used for viral identification. Complementary tests included blood and pleural cultures conducted for bacterial investigation. Clinical data and radiological exams were recorded at admission and throughout the hospitalization period. To better evaluate the results, a non- respiratory group of patients (Group B) was also constituted for comparison. Starting in February 1995, during a period of 18 months, 414 children were included- 239 in Group A and 175 in Group B. In Group A, 111 children (46.4%) had 114 viruses detected while only 5 children (2.9%) presented viruses in Group B. Respiratory Syncytial Virus was detected in 100 children from Group A (41.8%), Adenovirus in 11 (4.6%), Influenza A virus in 2 (0.8%), and Parainfluenza virus in one child (0.4%). In Group A, aerobic bacteria were found in 14 cases (5.8%). Respiratory Syncytial Virus was associated to other viruses and/or bacteria in six cases. There were two seasonal trends for Respiratory Syncytial Virus cases, which peaked in May and June. All children affected by the virus were younger than 3 years of age, mostly less than one year old. Episodic diffuse bronchial commitment and/or focal alveolar condensation were the clinical patterns more often associated to Respiratory Syncytial Virus cases. All children from Group A survived. In conclusion, it was observed that Respiratory Syncytial Virus was the most frequent pathogen found in hospitalized children admitted for severe respiratory diseases. Affected children were predominantly infants and boys presenting bronchiolitis and focal pneumonias. Similarly to what occurs in other subtropical regions, the virus outbreaks peak in the fall and their occurrence extends to the winter, which parallels an increase in hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Clinical patterns and seasonal trends in respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in São Paulo, Brazil

Vieira

Stewien

Queiróz

et al. 2001

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…A prevalência de infecção respiratória por C. trachomatis de 9,9% encontrada neste estudo está de acordo com dados publicados na literatura que relatam taxas que variam de 7 a cerca de 30% nos primeiros 6 meses de vida [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]20 . Os resultados do presente estudo chamam atenção especial ao fato da infecção por C. trachomatis ter sido encontrada apenas em lactentes com menos de 5 meses de idade, principalmente nos menores de 2 meses, um grupo que representou 75% dos casos.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…No entanto, ela é causa importante de conjuntivite de inclusão e infecções respiratórias em recém-nascidos 6 , assim como de infecção do trato respiratório inferior (ITRI) nos primeiros 6 meses de vida [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . Cerca de 10 a 20% das crianças de mães infectadas desenvolvem pneumonia [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] , com repercussões médicas e sociais consideráveis que poderiam ser evitadas com um bom acompanhamento pré-natal.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Poucos estudos foram conduzidos no Brasil sobre o papel da C. trachomatis na etiologia da ITRI em lactentes recém-nascidos 11,18 . O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de ITRI por C. trachomatis nos lactentes internados em um hospital universitário em Salvador, Bahia, e descrever as características clínicas, laboratoriais e radiológicas da doença nesses pacientes.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Chlamydia trachomatis: a major agent of respiratory infections in infants from low-income families

Souza

Girão²,

Simões³

et al. 2012

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Objectives: To determine the prevalence of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) due to Chlamydia trachomatis in newborn infants and to describe the clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of the disease. Methods:A cross-sectional study carried out over a 12-month period. All infants up to 6 months of age admitted consecutively at the Centro Pediátrico Professor Hosannah de Oliveira of the Universidade Federal da Bahia in Salvador, Brazil, and diagnosed with LRTI according to clinical and/or radiological criteria were included in the study. C. trachomatis infection was diagnosed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of IgM-class antibodies. The prevalence of LRTI by C. trachomatis was determined and the prevalence ratios for the infection and clinical or laboratory variables were calculated. Results:One hundred and fifty-one infants were submitted to serology for C. trachomatis and 15 (9.9%) tested positive. Chlamydial infection was found only in infants under 5 months of age, mainly in those aged under 2 months. Three of the infants with C. trachomatis infection were born by cesarean section. Conjunctivitis and eosinophilia had occurred in 33.3% of the cases. Chest X rays were abnormal in 92.0% of cases. There was an association between C. trachomatis infection and the duration of hospitalization exceeding 15 days (p = 0.0398) and oxygen therapy (p = 0.0484). Conclusions:There was a high prevalence of C. trachomatis respiratory infection in the population studied. The infection was associated with a more severe form of the disease, emphasizing the importance of testing pregnant women for this infection to avoid infection in the newborn infant. ResumoObjetivos: Determinar a prevalência de infecção do trato respiratório inferior (ITRI) por Chlamydia trachomatis em lactentes internados e descrever as características clínicas, laboratoriais e radiológicas da doença. Métodos:Este foi um estudo do tipo corte transversal, realizado durante um período de 12 meses. Foram incluídos todos os lactentes de até 6 meses internados consecutivamente no Centro Pediátrico Professor Hosannah de Oliveira da Universidade Federal da Bahia, em Salvador, BA, com diagnóstico clínico ou clínico-radiológico de ITRI. O diagnós-tico de infecção por C. trachomatis foi realizado através da pesquisa de anticorpos da classe IgM, utilizando-se o ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). A prevalência de ITRI por C. trachomatis foi determinada, e foram calculadas as razões de prevalência para essa infecção e variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais. Resultados:Cento e cinquenta e um lactentes realizaram sorologia para C. trachomatis, das quais 15 (9,9%) foram positivas. A infecção por C. trachomatis ocorreu unicamente entre os menores de 5 meses, principalmente naqueles menores de 2 meses. Três crianças com infecção por C. trachomatis nasceram de parto cesáreo. Conjuntivite e eosinofilia ocorreram em 33,3% dos casos. As radiografias de tórax se mostraram alteradas em 92% dos casos. Demonstrou-se associação ...

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“…Multiple pathogens were generally identified in 24-27% of the patients. Concurrent infections are typically characterised by more severe clinical signs, measured by the occurrence of apnea and the need for oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation (Chen et al, 2007;Ejzenberg et al, 1996;Mårdh, 2002;Numazaki et al, 1989;Stagno et al, 1981).…”

Section: Respiratory Tract Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in Neonates

Balla¹,

Petrovay²

2012

Chlamydia

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Aerobic bacteria, Chlamydia trachomatis, Pneumocystis carinii and Cytomegalovirus as agents of severe peneumonia in small infants

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

Clinical patterns and seasonal trends in respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in São Paulo, Brazil

Clinical patterns and seasonal trends in respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in São Paulo, Brazil

Chlamydia trachomatis: a major agent of respiratory infections in infants from low-income families

Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in Neonates

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