A large epidemic of dengue fever with dengue hemorragic cases in Ceará State, Brazil, 1994

Vasconcelos, Pedro Fernando da Costa; Menezes, Dalgimar Beserra de; Melo, Liana P; Pessoa, Eni T. F. Paula; Rodrigues, Sueli Guerreiro; Rosa, Elizabeth Salbé Travassos da; Timbó, Maria J.; Coêlho, Ivo Castelo Branco; Montenegro, Fernanda; Rosa, Jorge Fernando Soares Travassos da; Andrade, Francisca Maria; Rosa, Amélia Paes de Andrade Travassos da

doi:10.1590/s0036-46651995000300012

Cited by 45 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…31 Thus, about 700,000 people apparently had been exposed to dengue 1 infection during previous epidemics and may have been at risk of DHF during the 1994 dengue 2 outbreak. Despite the magnitude of prior exposure, only about 100 Fortaleza residents developed DHF symptoms, [32][33][34] and only 10 died. No explanation is available for the relative infrequency of DHF during dengue outbreaks in Brazil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector densities that potentiate dengue outbreaks in a Brazilian city.

Pontes¹,

Freeman²,

et al. 2000

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Abstract. To identify the critical vector density that potentiates dengue outbreaks in an endemic site and to identify obstacles to anti-dengue activities, we correlated a series of dengue outbreaks in a Brazilian city with the intensity of its anti-vector source-reduction activities. The proportion of houses infested by vector mosquitoes correlated inversely with intensity of anti-mosquito interventions, and the vector population developed independently of rainfall. Local periods of drought promoted vector abundance in two ways: residents stored water in which vector mosquitoes could breed, and cholera outbreaks due to contaminated water diverted local health workers from routine anti-vector activities. One dengue outbreak became apparent to authorities more than two months after it commenced but would have been identified almost immediately had dengue-like disease in indicator hospitals been monitored. Active surveillance, therefore, offers a window of opportunity for promptly executed anti-dengue interventions. Source-reduction measures that suppress vector infestations to less than 1% of houses effectively avert outbreaks of dengue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector densities that potentiate dengue outbreaks in a Brazilian city.

Pontes¹,

Freeman²,

et al. 2000

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“…99,100 The DENV-2 spread to other parts of Brazil with more severe clinical presentations, and the first fatal cases caused by secondary dengue infections. [101][102][103][104] Of interest, an epidemic caused by DENV-2, with the same genotype as the strain that was present before 1981, occurred in the Amazonian region of Peru in 1995 however no DHF cases were reported. 105 The DENV-3, genotype III, virus was reintroduced in the Americas in 1994 initially reported in Nicaragua and Panama.…”

Section: Aedes Aegypti Reinfestation (1971-1999)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The History of Dengue Outbreaks in the Americas

Dick

Martín²,

Montoya³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

363

264

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Dengue is a viral disease usually transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Dengue outbreaks in the Americas reported in medical literature and to the Pan American Health Organization are described. The outbreak history from 1600 to 2010 was categorized into four phases: Introduction of dengue in the Americas (1600–1946); Continental plan for the eradication of the Ae. aegypti (1947–1970) marked by a successful eradication of the mosquito in 18 continental countries by 1962; Ae. aegypti reinfestation (1971–1999) caused by the failure of the mosquito eradication program; Increased dispersion of Ae. aegypti and dengue virus circulation (2000–2010) characterized by a marked increase in the number of outbreaks. During 2010 > 1.7 million dengue cases were reported, with 50,235 severe cases and 1,185 deaths. A dramatic increase in the number of outbreaks has been reported in recent years. Urgent global action is needed to avoid further disease spread.

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“…However, in other States, where the DEN-2 virus circulated after extensive epidemics caused by DEN-1, as in Rio de Janeiro, Ceará, Pernambuco, and Rio Grande do Norte, an increase in the number of severe cases was observed. Beginning with the introduction of DEN-2 virus in 1990, a total of 754 DHF/DSS cases were reported, with 34 deaths, as of the 39th epidemiological week, and it is believed that there may have more cases that were not officially confirmed (Nogueira et al, 1990;Zagne et al, 1994;Souza et al, 1995;Vasconcelos et al, 1995).…”

Section: Molecular Epidemiology Of Dengue Viruses In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%