Geographical considerations on HAM/TSP in Japan

Leon-S, Fidias E.; Zaninovic, Vladimir

doi:10.1590/s0036-46651995000200015

Cited by 5 publications

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“…In addition to viral and human genetic factors, there is evidence that the route of HTLV-1 transmission and the duration of exposure may influence the outcome of HTLV-1 infection (Murphy et al, 1989; Maloney et al, 1998). Finally, environmental factors and exposure to co-infections could also play a role (Leon-S and Zaninovic, 1995; Plumelle et al, 1997; LaGrenade et al, 1998). However, in spite of the advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP and ATLL, it is still unclear why some individuals develop complications while others do not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Aggregation of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1-Associated Diseases: A Systematic Review

Álvarez¹,

Gotuzzo

Vandamme

et al. 2016

Front. Microbiol.

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Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that produces a persistent infection. Two transmission routes (from mother to child and via sexual intercourse) favor familial clustering of HTLV-1. It is yet unknown why most HTLV-1 carriers remain asymptomatic while about 10% of them develop complications. HTLV-1 associated diseases were originally described as sporadic entities, but familial presentations have been reported. To explore what is known about family aggregation of HTLV-1-associated diseases we undertook a systematic review. We aimed at answering whether, when, and where family aggregation of HTLV-1-associated diseases was reported, which relatives were affected and which hypotheses were proposed to explain aggregation. We searched MEDLINE, abstract books of HTLV conferences and reference lists of selected papers. Search terms used referred to HTLV-1 infection, and HTLV-1-associated diseases, and family studies. HTLV-1-associated diseases considered are adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), HTLV-1-associated uveitis, and infective dermatitis. Seventy-four records reported HTLV-1-associated diseases in more than one member of the same family and were included. Most reports came from HTLV-1-endemic countries, mainly Japan (n = 30) and Brazil (n = 10). These reports described a total of 270 families in which more than one relative had HTLV-1-associated diseases. In most families, different family members suffered from the same disease (n = 223). The diseases most frequently reported were ATLL (115 families) and HAM/TSP (102 families). Most families (n = 144) included two to four affected individuals. The proportion of ATLL patients with family history of ATLL ranged from 2 to 26%. The proportion of HAM/TSP patients with family history of HAM/TSP ranged from 1 to 48%. The predominant cluster types for ATLL were clusters of siblings and parent-child pairs and for HAM/TSP, an affected parent with one or more affected children. The evidence in the literature, although weak, does suggest that HTLV-1-associated diseases sometimes cluster in families. Whether familial transmission of HTLV-1 is the only determining factor, or whether other factors are also involved, needs further research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Aggregation of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1-Associated Diseases: A Systematic Review

Álvarez¹,

Gotuzzo

Vandamme

et al. 2016

Front. Microbiol.

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Letters to the editor

Leon-S

Mahasneh

Abbas

et al. 1997

International Journal of Environmental Studies

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Discrepancy, coincidence or evidence in chronic idiopathic spastic paraparesis throughout the world: a meta-analysis on 2811 patients

Leon-S

Costa²,

Gaffga

1997

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-HTLV-I has been associated with a chronic idiopatic spastic paraparesis (CHISPA) in man; however, a complete understanding of this association is still debated. We selected the most comprehensible papers on this topic between 1985 and 1996, and found that 1261 out of 2811 patients (44.9%) reported, throughout the world, were HTLV-I positive. The mean age was 39.5 years and there was a female predominance of 1.9:1. These results do not exclude the causality of HTLV-I as a germen associated to CHISPA; however, other causes (e.g., toxic, immunosuppressors) must be considered as participating in the multistep neurodegeneration observed in CHISPA throughout the world.KEY WORDS: HTLV-I, spastic paraparesis, meta-analysis, retrovirus, environmental cofactors.Discrepância, coincidência ou evidência em paraparesia espástica idiopática crônica no mundo: uma metaanálise de 2811 pacientes RESUMO -O retrovirus HTLV-1 tem sido associado a paraparesia espástica idiopática crônica (PEIC) no homem; contudo uma compreensão completa dessa associação é motivo de debate. Selecionamos os estudos mundiais mais expressivos sobre esse assunto no período de 1985 a 1996 e verificamos que 1261 dos 2811 (44,9%) dos pacientes relatados eram HTLV-1 positivos. A média de idade era de 39,5 anos com predomínio feminino de 1,9:1. Estes resultados não excluem a causalidade do HTLV-1 como um germe associado a PEIC em todo o mundo.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: HTLV-I, paraparesia espástica, meta-análise, retrovirus, cofatores ambientais.Almost a century ago, Strachan described a type of neuropathy from the West Indies 51 , and since then different reports resembling Strachan's description have been published throughout the world in which the condition is referred to as tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) 32 . Although the main foci of TSP patients were initially described in tropical places such as Caribbean countries, Africa and South India 3 -6 -12,13 -32 -45 , there were also occasional reports from temperate countries such as Chile and Japan 4,37 . We also found, some years ago, an unusual amount of patients who either lived or were born around Southwestern Colombia and presented a Chronic Idiopathic Spastic Paraparesis(CHISPA) which was similar to TSP and which is described dsewhere 42 -61 " 65 .

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Geographical considerations on HAM/TSP in Japan

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Family Aggregation of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1-Associated Diseases: A Systematic Review

Family Aggregation of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1-Associated Diseases: A Systematic Review

Letters to the editor

Discrepancy, coincidence or evidence in chronic idiopathic spastic paraparesis throughout the world: a meta-analysis on 2811 patients

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