Marcadores epidemiológicos de Salmonella typhimurium e Salmonella agona

Abstract

Entre as cepas de S. typhimurium e S. agona isoladas no período 1971-1987 foram caracterizados os biotipos, colicinotipos e antibiotipos de 734 cepas de S. typhimurium e 631 de S. agona. As 734 cepas de S. typhimurium foram classificadas em 65 biotipos com o predomínio dos biotipos 1a com 28,34%, 1b com 29,84% e 9bi com 18,25%. Com relação a S. agona, o biotipo 1a com 87,16% representou entre nós o clone amplamente disseminado. Foram encontradas freqüências baixas de cepas colicinogênicas, entretanto, a colicinotipia parece ser um bom método quando aplicada ao estudo de amostras homogêneas provenientes de surtos. Acentuada multirresistência aos agentes antimicrobianos, foi observada principalmente entre aquelas cepas de origem humana quase sempre representadas por cepas hospitalares

Antimicrobial susceptibility, phage types, and pulsetypes of Salmonella Typhimurium, in São Paulo, Brazil

“…The observation of MDR correlated with studies performed in European Union and United States which confirm that the MDR is common among S. Typhimurium strains, although the frequency found (43 strains, 15%) was lower than in other countries (Leegaard et al 2000, Nastasi & Mammina 2000, Gorman & Adley 2004, Rabatsky-Ehr et al 2004). The occurrence of MDR was higher in human (81%) than non-human sources (19%), suggesting that, during this period, 1990-2001, the dissemination of these strains may be attributed to human reservoir and the antimicrobial use in humans has resulted in an increasingly high prevalence of multiple resistance (Fernandes et al 1992, Asensi et al 1995, Taunay et al 1996, Kariuki et al 1999). All strains of S. Typhimurium studied were susceptible to the second generation fluoroquinolones, and, 5.6% of them expressed resistance to nalidixic acid (prototypic quinolone).…”

“…The extensive use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine has led to an increase in multidrug resistance strains (MDR) (Threfall et al 1993, Glynn et al 1998, Davis et al 1999, Rabatsky et al 2004. Fernandes et al (1992) of S. Typhimurium strains isolated from humans presented high levels of resistance to antimicrobial agents (5-14 marks) and most were isolated in hospital environments, which have been considered the principal vehicle of epidemic MDR S. Typhimurium strains (Riley et al 1984, Fernandes et al 1992, Asensi et al 1995, Kariuky et al 1999.…”

“…The extensive use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine has led to an increase in multidrug resistance strains (MDR) (Threfall et al 1993, Glynn et al 1998, Davis et al 1999, Rabatsky et al 2004. Fernandes et al (1992) of S. Typhimurium strains isolated from humans presented high levels of resistance to antimicrobial agents (5-14 marks) and most were isolated in hospital environments, which have been considered the principal vehicle of epidemic MDR S. Typhimurium strains (Riley et al 1984, Fernandes et al 1992, Asensi et al 1995, Kariuky et al 1999.A MDR S. Typhimurium strain, with definitive phage type 104 (DT 104), has emerged and spread over the world since 1984 (Leegaard et al 2000, Liebana et al 2002, Van Duijkeren et al 2003. The dominant resistance type of these strains is ACSSuT, that is, they are resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline, and the resistance is encoded by chromosomally located genes (Davis et al 1999, Izumiya et al 2001.…”