Glutathion reductase activity and its relation with riboflavin levels measured by methemoglobin reduction by cystamine in patients with malaria

Barraviera, Benedito; Machado, Paulo Eduardo de Abreu; Meira, Domingos Alves

doi:10.1590/s0036-46651988000200010

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Because riboflavin is an essential factor for glutathione peroxidase, an antioxidative enzyme, it has been proposed that deficiency promotes an oxidative environment that leads to destruction of the parasite. Indeed, lipid peroxidation was increased in riboflavin-deficient children with malaria infection [157], and reduced glutathione peroxidase activity was observed in red cells from riboflavin-deficient infected persons [158]. Reduced glutathione peroxidase activity persists in some populations in malarious areas despite adequate riboflavin intake [159], suggesting that isoforms with reduced activity confer resistance to malaria.…”

Section: Riboflavinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Modulation of Malaria Morbidity and Mortality

2000

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This review critically examines the relationship between nutritional status and malaria. The data indicate that protein-energy malnutrition is associated with greater malaria morbidity and mortality in humans. In addition, controlled trials of either vitamin A or zinc supplementation show that these nutrients can substantially reduce clinical malaria attacks. Data for iron indicate that supplementation may minimally aggravate certain malariometric indices in some settings and also strongly improve hematologic status. Withholding of iron supplements from deficient population is, therefore, not currently indicated. Available evidence for other nutrients describe varied effects, with some deficiencies being exacerbative (e.g., thiamine), protective (e.g., vitamin E), or both exacerbative and protective in different settings (e.g., riboflavin, vitamin C). The roles of folate, other B vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, and selenium are also examined. Study of the interactions between nutrition and malaria may provide insight to protective mechanisms and result in nutrient-based interventions as low-cost and effective adjuncts to current methods of malaria prevention and treatment.

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Section: Riboflavinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Modulation of Malaria Morbidity and Mortality

2000

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“…17 . Thus, one of the objectives of the present study was to standardize a new, inexpensive method that could be applied to field studies 4 in order to determine the activity of this enzyme. The glutathione reductasestimulating agent used for this purpose was cystamine, which can oxidize reduced glutathione in vitro, with the latter in turn acting as a substrate for glutathione reductase 8 -1 '.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pentose pathway, whose first enzyme is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), can be stimulated by various drugs, among them methylene blue, which can increase its activity up to 40-fold' 4 . On the basis of these observations, BREWER et al 10 proposed a method for the determination of G6PD deficiency based on artificial methemoglobin formation by sodium nitrite followed by stimulation of the pentose pathway with methylene blue in the presence of glucose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase activity in methemoglobin reduction by methylene blue and cyst amine: study on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient individuals, on normal subjects and on riboflavin-treated subjects

Barraviera

Machado

Meira

et al. 1988

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThe authors have standardized methods for evaluation of the activity of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and of glutathione reductase. The genera! principle of the first method was based on methemoglobin formation by sodium nitrite followed by stimulation of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase with methylene blue. Forty six adults (23 males and 23 females) were studied. Subjects were not G6PD deficient and were aged 20 to 30 years. The results showed that methemoglobin reduction by methylene blue was 154.40 and 139.90 /ag/min (p<0.05) for males and females, respectively, in whole blood, and 221.10 and 207.85 ug/min (n.s.), respectively, in washed red cells. These data showed that using washed red cells and 0.7g% sodium nitrite concentration produced no differences between sexes and also shortened reading time for the residua! amount of methemoglobin to 90 minutes.Glutathione reductase activity was evaluated on the basis of the fact that cystamme (a thiol agent) binds to the SH groups of hemoglobin, forming complexes. These complexes are reversed by the action of glutathione reductase, with methemoglobin reduction occurring simultaneously with this reaction. Thirty two adults (16 males and 16 females) were studied. Subjects were not G6PD deficient and were aged 20 to 30 years. Methemoglobin reduction by cystamine was 81.27 and 91.13 Mg/min (p<0.01) for males and females, respectively. These data showed that using washed red cells and 0.! M cystamine concentration permits a reading of the residual amount of methemoglobin at 180 minutes of incubation. Glutathione reductase activity was evaluated by methemoglobin reduction by cystamine in 14 females before and after treatment with 10 mg riboflavin per day for 8 days. The results were 73.69 and 94.26 jug/min (p<0.01) before and after treatment, showing that riboflavin treatment increase glutathione reductase activity even in normal individuals.Three Black G6PD-deficient individuals (2 males and 1 female) were also studied. The G6PD and glutathione reductase were partially activated, the change being more intense in males. On the basis of race and of the laboratory characteristics observed, it is possible to suggest that the G6PD deficiency of these individuals is of the African type and that the female is heterozygous for this deficiency.Analysis of the results as a whole permitted us to conclude that the methods proposed here were efficient for evaluating the activity of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and of glutathione reductase. The latter is dependent on the pentose pathway, which generates NADPH, and on riboflavin, a FAD precursor vitamin.

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Malaria and Nutrition

Shankar

2008

Nutrition and Health in Developing Countries

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Glutathion reductase activity and its relation with riboflavin levels measured by methemoglobin reduction by cystamine in patients with malaria

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Nutritional Modulation of Malaria Morbidity and Mortality

Nutritional Modulation of Malaria Morbidity and Mortality

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase activity in methemoglobin reduction by methylene blue and cyst amine: study on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient individuals, on normal subjects and on riboflavin-treated subjects

Malaria and Nutrition

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