Femicídios: homicídios femininos no Brasil

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:To assess female homicide rates due to aggression according to sociodemographic and health indicators. METHODS: RESULTS:The standardized female homicide rate due to aggression was 4.1/100,000 during the study period. After adjustment, three variables remained signifi cantly associated with female homicides: birth rate (p = 0.072), percentage of Evangelicals (p = 0.019) and male homicides due to aggression (p < 0.001). The model had a predictive power of 69% (r2 = 0.699). The Brazilian states of Espírito Santo, Pernambuco, Mato Grosso, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Alagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Roraima e Amapá showed the highest rates during the study period. CONCLUSIONS:The female homicide rates due to aggression were high in Brazil and varied by region. The association with male homicides due to aggression stresses the importance of reducing structural violence to protect women against violence. DESCRIPTORS:

Homicídios de mulheres nas distintas regiões brasileiras nos últimos 35 anos: análise do efeito da idade-período e coorte de nascimento

“…It is thought that this high rate is associated to the belief that crimes against women are justified because they are private matters. In these cases, impunity is the result of historical evolution and the fact that there is no political will to adequately address violence against women in a more incisive way 7,[15][16][17][18] .…”

“…Particularly important are the Maria da Penha law that established mechanisms to curb violence against women 15 and Law 13.104 that classifies femicide as a heinous crime, providing for harsh penalties 18 . However, although a legal framework is in place to suppress this type of violence, there are shortfalls in the application of legislation, ranging from invisibility that leads to the under-reporting of violence against women 16 to the difficulties in establishing a substantive network of care for addressing this issue effectively 19,20 .…”

“…Recently published studies in Brazil analyzed female homicide mortality trends using summary rates by age and period of death 5,13,15,17,18 . These were extremely important in order to give visibility to the issue of gender-based violence in Brazil 5,13,16,18 .…”

“…These were extremely important in order to give visibility to the issue of gender-based violence in Brazil 5,13,16,18 . However, they did not analyze the effect of birth cohorts, a significant factor in the evolution of the incidence and mortality rates for diseases and health problems [21][22][23] .…”

Causas externas e mortalidade materna: proposta de classificacao

“…17 Campero et al 5 (2006), analyzing deaths of women who had suffered violence, observed a mean age of 19.7 in women who died from external causes during pregnancy. Granja et al 12 (2002) emphasized that death by suicide among pregnant women occurred in women aged younger than 25.…”