Crianças órfãs e vulneráveis pelo HIV no Brasil: onde estamos e para onde vamos?

Abstract

This study aimed at identifying human rights' status and situation, as expressed in the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS, of children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS, non-orphans and orphans affected by AIDS, based on local and international literature review. The main study findings did not allow to accurately estimating those children and adolescents living with HIV and non-orphans affected by HIV/AIDS but data was available on those living with AIDS and orphans. The limitations and possibilities of these estimates obtained from surveillance systems, mathematical models and surveys are discussed. Though studies in literature are still quite scarce, there is indication of compromise of several rights such as health, education, housing, nutrition, nondiscrimination, and physical and mental integrity. Brazil still needs to advance to meet further needs of those orphaned and vulnerable children. Its response so far has been limited to providing health care to those children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS, preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission and financing the implementation and maintenance of support homes (shelters according to Child and Adolescent Bill of Rights) for those infected and affected by HIV/AIDS, either orphans or not. These actions are not enough to ensure a supportive environment for children and adolescents orphaned, infected or affected by HIV/AIDS. It is proposed ways for Brazil to develop and improve databases to respond to these challenges.

Antiretroviral treatment adherence in childhood and adolescence: Multidisciplinary team as an associated factor in Brazil

“…Most of the grandparents had a low level of schooling and often needed to reconcile caring for their own health with the responsibility of taking care of their grandchildren. Other studies suggest that grandparents are often the primary caregivers of children who have been orphaned as a consequence of AIDS, and this situation obligates them to take on additional roles and contributes to the difficulties in following up the children (Bock & Johnson, 2008;Franc¸a-Junior, Doring, & Stella, 2006;Joslin & Brouard, 1995). A low level of caregiver's schooling has been cited as a predictor of non-adherence to ARV treatment (Williams et al, 2006).…”

Estigma e discriminação vividos na escola por crianças e jovens órfãos por Aids

“…Ainda não se tem conhecimento do número exato de órfãos por Aids no Brasil, sendo necessário que as estimativas baseadas em modelos matemáticos sejam referidas com cautela devido à existência de viés metodológico (França-Junior; Doring;Stella, 2006).…”

A scoping review of prevalence, incidence and risk factors for HIV infection amongst young people in Brazil

“…Past literature reviews have discussed specific aspects of HIV in adolescents and young people in Brazil. These studies have shown the difficulty of transitioning from childhood to adult life for adolescents living with AIDS [9], the efficacy of preventive interventions focusing on this population [10], the situation of orphans and vulnerable children [11] and the relationship between STIs, AIDS and abuse of psychoactive substances in adolescence [12]. In addition, several articles have analyzed risk behavior and HIV infection among adolescents in Brazil in specific populations, such as users of anonymous Counselling and Testing Centers (CTA), interns of the correctional system, pregnant women, men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and others.…”