Bioética, solidariedade crítica e voluntariado orgânico

Abstract

ObjectiveThe study proposes "critical solidarity" as a value to be incorporated into the 21 st century's bioethics agenda and as an instrument to guide people and associations in volunteer praxis. MethodsTo explain how solidarity materializes itself, the motivations for engaging in volunteer activities in associations that integrate the corps of volunteers of the Instituto Nacional do Cancer [National Cancer Institute] in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, are analyzed. The data for analysis were obtained by applying two instruments. The first one consists of a questionnaire divided into two parts: one part identifies the socio-economic profile, and the other identifies solidarity as a value that motivates volunteer activity. The second instrument comprises of semi structured interviews utilized to collect supplementary data for analysis. ResultsThe results indicate that volunteering is based on three basic motivations: a) personal motivations related to life as a volunteer, b) motivations resulting from professed beliefs, and c) motivations aroused by the feeling of solidarity. Conclusions It was concluded that the incorporation of critical solidarity requires a rupture with the detected model of patronizing volunteering; it implies explicating the common selfish interests that permeate volunteer activities and qualify an organic volunteering, that is, volunteering which is politically aware and committed to responding to the specific demands of the present time.

Relação entre trabalho especializado e técnico: o caso da ortodontia à luz da bioética clínica amplificada

“…Esta solidariedade expressa o exercício da liberdade individual e coletiva que prescinde e transcende prescrições e imposições de qualquer ordem, livre de paternalismos e autoritarismos. Para tanto, além da educação para uma cultura que forma uma identidade no ser solidário, necessita-se um exercício reflexivo sobre a própria prática, de forma consciente e comprometida com o outro e com os objetivos definidos em comum 37 . Assim, o debate do papel social contemporâneo do profissional da odontologia aponta para a humanização e a bioética como centrais na construção da reflexividade e no desenvolvimento da eticidade.…”

Sentidos das ações voluntárias: desafios e limites para a organização do trabalho

“…Conforme discutido por Demo (2001), uma perspectiva mais crítica defende a ideia de que o voluntariado é um fenômeno de caráter assistencialista, associado ao senso religioso e que visa aliviar de consciências culpadas; existem também aqueles que julgam a ação voluntária como um ato de autopromoção e vaidade. Por outro lado, há uma parcela, crescente na sociedade, afirmando que o voluntariado está sofrendo alterações e, por isso, essa vertente assistencialista vem sendo abandonada e substituída por determinações éticas, desenvolvidas em torno dos conceitos de solidariedade e de organização da sociedade civil, dentro do que se convencionou denominar terceiro setor (Dowbor, 2002;Selli & Garrafa, 2005;Voltolini, 2004).…”

Beneficiários do trabalho voluntário: uma leitura a partir da bioética

“…As to the fi rst term mentioned above, the adjective critical refers to the voluntary agent's capacity to utilize criteria that enable him/her to discern the social and political dimensions inherent to and indissociable within the solidary relationship. 15 Organic volunteering, in turn, was a concept constructed by analogy to Gramsci's concept of the organic intellectual and refers to politicized participation, active and benefi cial to the people who develop volunteer service and, in this particular case, within the fi eld of health. 9 At present, several institutions within civil society, such as some non-governmental organizations (NGOs), express their commitment to a more solidary and equanimous society.…”

“…The latter believed that bioethics should be the science of survival in the struggle against various threats to life on the planet earth. 15 Andre Hellegers, in turn, was concerned with medical deontology's limitations in providing professionals with the proper bearings with which to respond to the ethical challenges posed by the new biotechnologies applied to medicine, founded the The Kennedy Institute of Ethics (Washington), in 1971, utilizing the same neologism.…”