Homicídios e desigualdades sociais no Município de São Paulo

Abstract

ObjectiveThe relation between income and mortality due to violence has been studied in recent years. MethodsThis is an ecological cross-sectional study. Data regarding Sao Paulo City, Brazil in the year 2000 was analyzed. The association between homicide coefficients and the following five indicators were tested: infant mortality rates, monthly average income of household heads, percentage of adolescents aged 15 to 17 years not attending school, proportion of pregnant adolescent women aged 14 to 17 years and demographic density. Pearson's correlation coefficient and a multiple linear regression model were utilized to test these associations. ResultsThe municipal homicide rate was 57.3/100,000. The correlation between homicide rates and average monthly income was strong and negative (r=-0.65). Higher homicide rates were found in the districts whose inhabitants had lower incomes and lower rates were found in those districts whose inhabitants had higher incomes. The correlation between homicide rates and proportion of adolescents not attending school was positive and strong (r=0.68). The correlation between homicide rates and the proportion of pregnant adolescent women was positive and strong (r=0.67). The correlation between homicides and the rate of infant mortality was r=0.24 (for all: p<0.05). The correlation between demographic density and homicides was not significant. Although the univariate regression was positive for four indicators, the multivariate regression test was only significant for average monthly income (negative) and proportion of adolescents not attending school (positive) (for both indicators: p<0.01). ConclusionsThe findings highlight the problem of homicides and socioeconomic disparities in S. Paulo City. Economic development and reducing socioeconomic inequality may have an impact on the rates of mortality due to violence.

Vitimização por homicídios segundo características de raça no Brasil

“…25 Socioeconomic inequality has been described as an important factor in predicting victimization by homicide. 3,10,14,[16][17][18]22,28 The homicide rate increased in the black population for the two strata of education, suggesting that race/ color may partially explain the occurrence of homicide. However, education alone does not exhaust all the analytical dimensions of social conditions.…”

Análise da mortalidade por homicídios no Brasil

“…Esse perfil foi compatível com o verificado em outras regiões do mundo: homicídios preponderantes no sexo masculino, em faixas etárias jovens, em populações com nível socioeconômico baixo, em aglomerados urbanos e em conseqüência do uso de arma de fogo. [10][11][12][13] Indicadores de urbanização, concentração de renda, renda média mensal, escolaridade e raça/cor, por exemplo, foram utilizados nessas análises; em seu conjunto, concordam com a importância da desigualdade socioeconômica na predição da vitimização por homicídio.…”

A utilização de indicadores sociais na operacionalização do modelo de Vigilância da Saúde

“…The increasing process of social exclusion contributes to increased violence in urban areas, pointing to the existence of intra-urban differences regarding violence, where the highest rates are found in the regions that concentrate the groups with the least favorable socioeconomic conditions (15) .…”

“…By analyzing some health indicators, such as infant mortality, early mortality due to stroke and diabetes mellitus, new cases of tuberculosis, it can be observed that the Raposo Tavares and Rio Pequeno districts again have the worst indicators (14)(15)(16) .…”