Cytomegalovirus seroepidemiology in an urban community of São Paulo, Brazil

Almeida, Lnb; Azevedo, Rebeca Souza; Amaku, Marcos; Massad, Eduardo

doi:10.1590/s0034-89102001000200004

Cited by 37 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The median age of the oldest group (namely, Ͼ40 years) was assumed to be 55 years, because 70 years is generally considered to be the threshold age for the type I death rate (a death rate defined as type I indicates each person survives until the age specified, after which survival probability becomes zero [6]). Sample sizes were calculated to achieve a 95% confidence interval (CI) of approximately Ϯ5% for each age group.Three derived parameters, including the force of infection, the basic reproductive rate, and the average age of infection, were estimated by employing the catalytic model based on the underlying variable of age-specific seroprevalences (3,6,8,14), which could noticeably reflect the severity of HCMV infection. The basic concepts of the above-mentioned three parameters were also discussed in the publication of Colugnati et al (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Three derived parameters, including the force of infection, the basic reproductive rate, and the average age of infection, were estimated by employing the catalytic model based on the underlying variable of age-specific seroprevalences (3,6,8,14), which could noticeably reflect the severity of HCMV infection. The basic concepts of the above-mentioned three parameters were also discussed in the publication of Colugnati et al (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high force of infection is directly associated with the high basic reproductive rate ( Table 2). While in the other five countries, it is delayed almost to child-bearing age (in São Paulo, we focus mainly on the second stage of HCMV infection [3]), the average age of infection in Shanghai occurs nearly at the end of childhood, even though the data are calculated almost based on the second stage of the infectious surge due to the deficiency of the data in the first year.…”

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Incidence of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Shanghai, China

Fang

Fan

Yang

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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A city-wide cytomegalovirus serosurvey was conducted in Shanghai, China, and associated parameters were calculated by employing the catalytic model. The lowest seroprevalence was 60.37%, found in the >1-to 3-year age group. The value increased rapidly with age until 25 years, when a value of 97.03% was found, caused by the high force of infection (12.69) and by the reproductive rate (8.89).Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is one of the eight human herpesviruses. Almost anyone of any age is susceptible to HCMV. The seropositivity of cytomegalovirus varies from 40% to 100%, with a pronounced disparity between developed and developing countries. Cytomegalovirus has a natural ability to enter latency after asymptomatic or symptomatic primary infection and undergoes periodic episodes of reactivation, especially in immunocompromised settings (17).Primary HCMV infection in the mother during pregnancy has a high possibility of causing congenital infection (1, 11). However, pregnant women with HCMV reactivated from latency or reinfected by new strains can also transmit the virus to the fetus through the placenta, with the latter circumstance leading more easily to this effect (4,11,22).In immunocompetent persons, adequate humoral and cellular immunity are required to restrain viral replication after primary infection and to maintain HCMV in a lifelong chronic state. Persistent cytomegalovirus infection could elicit the seemingly preferential expansion of HCMV-specific clones and lead to HCMV-related inflammation, which is harmful to adults, especially the elderly (2,12,15,20,21).There were several surveys conducted in Shanghai, China, estimating HCMV seroprevalence rates several decades ago, in which the population was selected only from women of childbearing age or those who were pregnant. Indeed, the overall seroprevalence rates of the entire population of Shanghai have not previously been investigated. Only when we survey and analyze the overall circumstances of HCMV infection in Shanghai can the public or government awareness be heightened and can a project be framed for prevention of HCMVassociated diseases, primary infection, or reinfection.Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Ruijin Hospital. A total of 8,190 serum samples collected from June 2006 to May 2008 in Shanghai, China, were tested for HCMV seroprevalence. The serum samples provided for the HCMV seroprevalence survey were supplied by the Ruijin clinical laboratory after completion of clinically required testing. Specimens from organ transplants and from subjects who received a transfusion within the past 3 months or were known to be infected with human immunodeficiency virus were discarded. Serum samples were identified at Ruijin Hospital by the name of the subject, gender, age or date of birth, and date of collection to ensure that only one sample from any one subject was tested. HCMV-specific immunoglobulin G levels were tested by microparticle enzyme immunoassay technology (AxSYM). The presence of at least 15 antibody units per ml of s...

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Incidence of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Shanghai, China

Fang

Fan

Yang

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…About 80% of the population between late childhood and early adolescence is already infected with CMV [21,22] and can harbor the virus in various body sites, especially in the salivary glands and different types of leukocytes. With age the increased prevalence of antibodies is common.…”

Section: Transmission and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomegalovirus Infection in Liver Transplantation

Sampaio¹,

Guardia²,

Milan³

et al. 2013

Manifestations of Cytomegalovirus Infection

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“…About 80% of the population between the late childhood and early adolescence is already infected by CMV (Almeida et al, 2001) and can harbor the virus in several body sites, especially in the salivary glands and different types of leukocytes. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells appear to be the most important site for CMV latency.…”

Section: Cytomegalovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%