Epidemiological methods for research with drug misusers: review of methods for studying prevalence and morbidity

Abstract

VOLUME 33 NÚMERO 2 ABRIL 1999© Copyright Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP. Proibida a reprodução mesmo que parcial sem a devida autorização do Editor Científico. Proibida a utilização de matérias para fins comerciais. All rights reserved. Revista de Saúde Pública AbstractEpidemiological studies of drug misusers have until recently relied on two main forms of sampling: probability and convenience. The former has been used when the aim was simply to estimate the prevalence of the condition and the latter when in depth studies of the characteristics, profiles and behaviour of drug users were required, but each method has its limitations. Probability samples become impracticable when the prevalence of the condition is very low, less than 0.5% for example, or when the condition being studied is a clandestine activity such as illicit drug use. When stratified random samples are used, it may be difficult to obtain a truly representative sample, depending on the quality of the information used to develop the stratification strategy. The main limitation of studies using convenience samples is that the results cannot be generalised to the whole population of drug users due to selection bias and a lack of information concerning the sampling frame. New methods have been developed which aim to overcome some of these difficulties, for example, social network analysis, snowball sampling, capture-recapture techniques, privileged access interviewer method and contact tracing. All these methods have been applied to the study of drug misuse. The various methods are described and examples of their use given, drawn from both the Brazilian and international drug misuse literature. ResumoSão descritos e discutidos os vários métodos de amostragem, de probabilidade e conveniência para estudos epidemiológicos sobre usuários de drogas, e apresentados exemplos de seu uso, com base na literatura brasileira e internacional. Os estudos epidemiológicos sobre usuários de drogas, realizados até recentemente, têm utilizado duas formas principais de amostragem: a de probabilidade e a de Current Comments AtualizaçãoEpidemiological methods for research with drug misusers: review of methods for studying prevalence and morbidity Métodos epidemiológicos para pesquisa com usuários de drogas: revisão de métodos para estudo da prevalência e morbidade conveniência. A primeira tem sido utilizada quando o objetivo é apenas estimar a prevalência da condição sendo pesquisada e a segunda (conveniência) quando as características, perfis e comportamentos de usuários de drogas são os focos do trabalho. Ambos os métodos têm suas limitações, amostras probabilísticas ficam cada vez mais impraticáveis quando a prevalência de determinada condição é muito baixa, menor do que 0,5% por exemplo, ou quando a condição sendo estudada é uma atividade clandestina, como o uso de drogas ilícitas. Por outro lado, os resultados de amostras de conveniência são limitados porque não podem ser generalizados para a população total de usuários de droga, devido ao viés de seleção e a fa...

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