O manejo da copaíba pelas etnias Arara e Gavião na Terra Indígena Igarapé Lourdes, Rondônia, Norte do Brasil

Abstract

The production potential of oleoresin from 100 retapped and 36 first-time tapped trees of Copaifera multijuga Hayne was evaluated in the Indigenous Land Igarapé Lourdes (territory of Arara and Gavião ethnicities), Rondônia. The diameter at breast height (DBH) and the amount of oleoresin exuded was measured for each tree and the individuals were identified based on dendrological characteristics. The results indicate that relative frequency of yielding trees had similar pattern between retapped (39%) and those tapped for the first time (41.6%). The production ranged from 0 to 3.6 L/tree, with an overall average of 0.143 L/tree, where 0.157 L/tree was recorded for retapped and 0.104 L/tree for virgin trees. By excluding the non-yielding trees, the average yield of retapped trees is increased to 0.403 L/tree, while the virgins increased to 0.250 L/tree, but these differences were not statistically significant (t, p = 0.37). Retapped trees had higher average diameters (58 cm) and are statistically different (T, p = 0.001) from the virgins (46 cm). Positive correlation was found between production and diameter, being more significant for the virgins (0.61) than for the retapped trees (0.27). Despite the yield variability, there was a slight trend of lower oleoresin exudation from smaller DBH (30-40 cm) trees, which is one possible explanation for the lower production of virgin trees.Key words: Amazonia, non-timber forest products, management. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e avaliar o potencial de produção de óleoresina de Copaifera multijuga Hayne, proveniente de 100 árvores re-exploradas e de 36 manejadas pela primeira vez no ano de 2008, na Terra Indígena Igarapé Lourdes (território das etnias Arara e Gavião), em Rondônia. Para cada árvore, foram medidos o diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) e a quantidade de óleoresina liberada, e identificados os indivíduos, com base em características dendrológicas. Os resultados indicam que a frequência relativa de árvores produtivas teve padrão semelhante entre as re-exploradas (39%) e aquelas manejadas pela primeira vez (41,6%). A produção variou de 0 a 3,6 L/árvore, com média geral de 0,143 L/árvore, sendo 0,157 L/árvore para re-exploradas e 0,104 L/árvore para manejadas pela primeiras vez. Ao excluir as árvores improdutivas, as re-exploradas tiveram maior rendimento médio (0,403 L/árvore) do que as até então intactas (0,250 L/árvore), mas essas diferenças foram estatisticamente não significativas (t, p = 0,37). Árvores reexploradas têm médias diamétricas superiores (58 cm) e diferem estatisticamente (t, p = 0,001) das manejadas pela primeira vez (46 cm). Houve correlação positiva entre produção e diâmetro, sendo mais significativa para as até então intactas (0,61) do que para as re-exploradas (0,27). Apesar da variabilidade do rendimento, observou-se uma ligeira tendência, da menor liberação de óleoresina entre árvores com os menores DAPs (30 a 40 cm), sendo essa uma possível explicação para a menor produção encontrada para as árvores até então inexploradas.Palavras...

Age and Growth Affect Oleoresin Yield From Copaiba Trees in the Cerrado-Amazonia Ecotone

“…AGE AND GROWTH AFFECT OLEORESIN YIELD FROM COPAIBA TREES IN THE CERRADO-AMAZONIA ECOTONE and the average yield of copaiba oleoresin was within the range reported in this study (Alencar, 1982;Baima et al, 1999;Plowden, 2003;Oliveira et al, 2006;Rigamonte-Azevedo et al, 2006;Barbosa et al, 2009;Newton et al, 2011;Martins et al, 2013;Souza and Higuchi, 2014).…”

“…The distribution of productive trees with regard to DBH is similar to the results obtained in other studies, which verified that individuals with smaller diameters were less productive or completely non-productive. The intermediate classes showed higher values for oleoresin yield, whereas individuals in the higher diameter class were less productive or non-productive, as in the lower diameter class (Alencar, 1982;Plowden, 2003;Rigamonte-Azevedo et al, 2006;Barbosa et al, 2009;Souza and Higuchi, 2014).…”

“…Factors that hamper its commercial exploitation are the high variation in the yield of oleoresin by copaiba trees and the limited proportion of productive trees in a population. Although some studies have tried to explain the factors associated with copaiba production, uncertainties still remain (Alencar, 1982;Baima et al, 1999;Ferreira and Braz, 2001;Rigamonte-Azevedo et al, 2004;Oliveira et al, 2006;Rigamonte-Azevedo et el., 2006;Medeiros and Vieira, 2008;Barbosa et al, 2009;Newton et al, 2011;Martins et al, 2013;Souza and Higuchi, 2014). Tree growth is related to oleoresin yield, and physiological conditions are expected to influence its production (Plowden, 2003).…”

Estimation of oleoresin yield from Copaifera spp. in primary forest in meridional Amazon

“…Moreover, some studies found that Copaifera spp. trees with smaller and larger diameters tend to produce little or no oleoresin, with the intermediate diameter classes having the greatest yields (Alencar, 1982;Barbosa et al, 2009;Medeiros et al, 2018;Plowden, 2001;Rigamonte-Azevedo et al, 2006;Roquette et al, 2018;Souza & Higuchi, 2014). DBH is related to the age of trees, but in natural forests there is a greater variation in this relationship due to the complex interactions present in the ecosystem.…”

“…samples in the lowest DBH class (30 cm -42 cm) were not productive. Other studies have also pointed out that trees with DBH less than 40 cm are not productive or produce low quantity of oleoresin (Alencar, 1982;Barbosa et al, 2009;Medeiros & Vieira, 2008;Medeiros et al, 2018;Plowden, 2001;Rigamonte-Azevedo et al, 2006;Souza & Higuchi, 2014). Therefore, the data from Copaifera spp.…”