Determinação dos tipos de resistência em genótipos de feijoeiro ao ataque de Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

Abstract

Determination of resistance to the attack of Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in bean genotypesZabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman, 1833) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) is considered the main stored bean pest. The most widely used method of control is the use of insecticides. However, other control methods may be applied, such as plant resistance. Aiming to find alternative strategies to its control, this study evaluated the types of resistance in 12 bean genotypes. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Resistance to Insects of the Department of Phytopathology of the FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal/SP, from March to November 2009. Oviposition non-preference (free choice and no-choice) tests and the no-choice test for feeding were carried out. The results demonstrated that: the genotypes Dor 391, Dor 476, IAPAR-MD 806, and Raz 59 showed non-preference to oviposition by Z. subfasciatus, in the free-choice test; in the no-choice test, all genotypes were equally oviposited by the insect; in the free-choice chance test, males and females were equally attracted by all tested genotypes and Raz 56, Arc 2, Raz 55, Raz 49, and Raz 59 showed non-preference to feeding and/or antibiosis.Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., stored bean, host plant resistance, Mexican bean weevil. O Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman, 1833) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) é considerado a principal praga do feijão armazenado. O método de controle mais utilizado tem sido o uso de inseticidas; no entanto outros métodos podem ser empregados, como, por exemplo, a resistência de plantas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar os tipos de resistência em 12 genótipos de feijoeiro ao ataque dessa praga. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Resistência de Plantas a Insetos, do Departamento de Fitossanidade da FCAV\UNESP, Jaboticabal -SP, no período de março a novembro de 2009. Foram realizados testes de não preferência para oviposição, com e sem chance de escolha, e de alimentação, sem chance de escolha. Concluiu-se que os genótipos Dor 391, Dor 476, IAPAR-MD 806 e Raz 59 apresentam resistência do tipo não preferência para oviposição por Z. subfasciatus, em teste com chance de escolha; no teste sem chance de escolha todos os genótipos foram igualmente ovipositados pelo inseto; no teste com chance de escolha, machos e fêmeas foram igualmente atraídos por todos os genótipos testados; e Raz 56, Arc 2, Raz 55, Raz 49 e Raz 59 apresentaram resistência dos tipos não preferência para alimentação e,ou, antibiose. Palavras-chave:Phaseolus vulgaris, grãos armazenados, resistência de plantas a insetos, caruncho.

Resistance of important bean genotypes to the Mexican bean beetle [Zabrotes subfasciatus (Bohemann)] during storage and its control with chemical synthetic and botanical insecticides

“…Despite this fact, Z. subfasciatus is recognized as being one of the few Bruchids able to feed on a variety of beans, including those belonging to the genera Phaseolus (common beans), Vigna (cowpea) (Sales et al, 2005;Bifano et al, 2010) and Vicia (broad beans) (Pacheco and Paula, 1995;Toledo et al, 2013). Differences in resistance of bean species to Z. subfasciatus have been well documented and are attributed to many causes, including the presence of trypsin and proteinase inhibitors, lecithins and tannins, all of which are deleterious to the development of Z. subfasciatus (Osborn et al, 1986;Posso et al, 1992;Pereira et al, 1995;Guzmán-Maldonado et al, 1996;Acosta-Gallegos et al, 1998;Barbosa et al, 2000;Aguiar et al, 2006;Moraes et al, 2011). However, many of these defenses do not seem to affect Z. subfasciatus, as its larvae are able to secrete α-amylases that are insensitive to the α-amylase inhibitor found in seeds of P. vulgaris (Bifano et al, 2010).…”

“…Such an approach may have several advantages, including seed cost that partially encompasses the cost of arthropod control, reduction in insecticide costs and residues, higher net return per dollar invested and synergistic effects with other traditional pest management tactics, to mention only a few (Smith, 2005). Some previous studies have considered the exploitation of genotypes possessing variable degrees of arcelin (Acosta-Gallegos et al, 1998;Barbosa et al, 2000;Moraes et al, 2011). However, none of them have considered the resistance of different groups of beans belonging to different plant genera to this pest.…”

Antibiosis levels of common bean genotypes toward Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and its correlation with flavonoids

“…These genotypes showed a lower consumption of dry mass, suggesting that food had some antibiotic compound that harm the development of the larvae, occasioning death, thereby decreasing their feeding. Moraes et al (2011) observed that bean genotypes with arcelin protein possibly interfered with Z. subfasciatus feeding, considering such protein as responsible for antibiotic resistance of wild beans against bruchid beetles (Osborn et al, 1986).…”

“…With genotypes obtained from the genetic breeding program developed by the Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC) that associated high-yield disease resistant cultivars (IAC Alvorada, IAC Diplomata and IAC Una) (Iac, 2013) and genotypes with resistance to Z. subfasciatus (Boheman, 1833) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) (Arc 2, Raz 49, Raz 55 and Raz 59) (Ribeiro- Costa et al, 2007;Baldin and Pereira, 2010;Moraes et al, 2011), to obtain genotypes with weevils resistance and high yields. We carried out an antibiosis test together with analysis of eight flavonoids by means of liquid chromatogram and mass chromatogram with tandem mass spectrometry (LCeMS/MS), to identify genotypes resistant to Z. subfasciatus, sort them into resistance levels, and verify possible correlations between flavonoids and genotype data.…”

Divergência genética de genótipos de feijoeiro a infestação de Zabrotes subfasciatus (Bohemann) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

“…Moraes et al (2011) verificaram que os genótipos RAZ 56, Arc 2, RAZ 55 e RAZ 49 apresentaram menores valores de número e percentagem de insetos emergidos, maior período de eclosão, da larva à emergência do adulto, menor de massa de matéria seca consumida total e por inseto, sugerindo portanto, apresentarem resistência dos tipos não-preferência para alimentação e, ou, antibiose.…”