O papel do Fator de Necrose Tumoral Alfa (TNF-alfa) no processo de erosão óssea presente no colesteatoma adquirido da orelha média

Abstract

Chol esteatoma may cause bone erosion, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Tumor Necrosis FactorAlpha (TNF-a) is one of the main cytokines involved in this process. Our goal was to evaluate the role of TNF-a in Bone Resorption and its effect on cholesteatoma. Material and Methods: analysis and critical literature review. Results: Different studies have demonstrated that TNF-a is capable of causing bone erosion. It may stimulate the differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts or it may act on the bone matrix, exposing it to the action of the osteoclasts. It is possible to inhibit TNF-a, reducing its effects and prevent bone loss in illnesses such as rheumatoid arthritis,and there has been no specific investigation regarding cholesteatomas. All studies agree on the importance of TNF-a in the bone resorption process present in cholesteatomas, and on the degree of destruction observed; however, there is no consensus as to its location. These differences are probably due to receptor site. Conclusion: TNF-a, present in cholesteatomas, promotes bone resorption, along with other cytokines (RANKL and IL-1) related to complications.

Perfil dos limiares audiométricos e curvas timpanométricas de idosos

“…Through the protocols checked, among the elderly with hearing loss, 98.24% were bilateral, which is confirmed by the literature consulted -where there is a prevalence of hearing loss in both ears of the population studied 1,[13][14][15][18][19][20] .…”

“…However, the effects of the aging process on the sensorial capacities did not change, causing diseases which stem from this aging, as is the case of the hearing loss which happens to elderly, called presbycusis, which has as characteristics: bilateral, symmetrical, descending and progressive hearing loss [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][18][19][20] . According to the bibliography found, we noticed that the percentage of sensorineural hearing loss present in elderly individuals matches those in the present study.…”

Destrukcija kosti kod holesteatoma srednjeg uha

“…Citokini koji se oslobođaju tokom upalnog procesa u perimatriksu holesteatoma, smatraju se odgovornim za destrukciju kosti, a ističe se da TNF-α zajedno sa aktivatorom receptora nuklearnog kappa-B liganda (RANKL) i IL-1, IL -6 učestvuje u procesu destrukcije i pregradnje kosti [1][2][3].…”

<b>Concentrações séricas das citocinas Interleucina-2 (IL-2), Interleucina-6 (IL-6), Interleucina-10 (IL-10), Fator de Necrose Tumoral Alfa (TNF-) e Proteína Quimiotática de Monócitos-1 (MCP-1) em cães com linfoma multicêntrico</b>

“…O papel desta citocina na resposta imune é complexo e inclui a quimiotaxia e migração de neutrófilos e monócitos para os sítios de infecção. Em altas concentrações pode causar choque séptico (VITALE, 2007).…”

“…Age também nos hepatócitos para aumentar a síntese de proteínas de fase aguda como a amilóide sérica A e fibrinogênio. A produção prolongada de TNF-α causa catabolismo protéico e adiposo, que é resultado da supressão do apetite e da redução da síntese de lipase, enzima necessária para liberar os ácidos graxos das lipoproteínas circulantes de modo que eles possam ser utilizados pelos tecidos (COSTA, 2005;VITALE, 2007;TIZARD, 2009).…”