Systematic revision of the Phorusrhacidae (Aves: Ralliformes)

Alvarenga, Herculano; Höfling, Elizabeth

doi:10.1590/s0031-10492003000400001

Cited by 68 publications

(127 citation statements)

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“…For Mesembriornis and Patagornis other limb measurements (femoral, tibiotarsal and foot-segment lengths) and body mass estimations were taken from Alvarenga & Hö fling (2003). For Phorusrhacinae gen. only the tibia is known, and for this reason other measurements were estimated assuming geometrical similarity with Mesembriornis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phororhacids, which consists of five subfamilies and 13 genera (Alvarenga & Hö fling 2003), were large terrestrial birds that thrived in the ecosystems of the American continents from the Middle Palaeocene to the Pliocene-Pleistocene limit. Most of the fossil record of these birds has been found in South America, but includes also a species of the late Pliocene of North America, Titanis walleri with more than 300 kg (Baskin 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terror birds on the run: a mechanical model to estimate its maximum running speed

Blanco¹,

Jones

2005

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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'Terror bird' is a common name for the family Phorusrhacidae. These large terrestrial birds were probably the dominant carnivores on the South American continent from the Middle Palaeocene to the PliocenePleistocene limit. Here we use a mechanical model based on tibiotarsal strength to estimate maximum running speeds of three species of terror birds: Mesembriornis milneedwardsi, Patagornis marshi and a specimen of Phorusrhacinae gen. The model is proved on three living large terrestrial bird species. On the basis of the tibiotarsal strength we propose that Mesembriornis could have used its legs to break long bones and access their marrow.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terror birds on the run: a mechanical model to estimate its maximum running speed

Blanco¹,

Jones

2005

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…It is not referred to Phororhacos, however, as it is a little smaller and has a lower degree of curvature. The material is inadequate to refer to any of the known Deseadan genera of phorusrhacid (e.g., Physornis, Andrewsornis, or Psitopterus; see Alvarenga and Hö fling, 2003 COMMENTS: MUSM 1604 is a movableband osteoderm. It is rectangular, small, and slender, measuring 16.0 mm long and 4.7 mm wide.…”

Section: Geographic and Geological Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleontology and Geochronology of the Deseadan (late Oligocene) of Moquegua, Perú

Shockey¹,

Salas-Gismondi²,

Gans³

et al. 2009

American Museum Novitates

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Subsequent to our initial reports of the discovery of Deseadan fossils in southern Perú , we have obtained new data regarding the paleontology and geology of the upper member of the Moquegua Formation. These data include newly recovered fossil specimens and further analyses of those collected in our earlier field seasons. We have also obtained an ash directly from within the fossilbearing units near the summit of Cerro Pan de Azú car. Biotites from this Sugarloaf ash give an age estimate of 26.25 6 0.10 Ma, thus supporting our previous suggestion that these fossil-bearing horizons are of late Oligocene age (Deseadan South American Land Mammal ''Age'') and removing our query regarding a possible early Miocene age. Most of the fossils are of notoungulates and most of these are trachytheriine mesotheriids. Remarkably, three distinct mesotheriid taxa appear to have been present in the Moquegua fauna, none of which are referable to the common Trachytherus alloxus of the nearby and at least partly contemporaneous Salla beds of Bolivia. Other fossils documented here include postcranial elements of the notohippid notoungulate, Moqueguahippus, a macraucheniid litoptern (cf. Coniopternium), an osteoderm of an unnamed species of armadillo (Dasypodidae, cf. Dasypodinae), and a claw of a phorusrhacid bird. We also describe a diminutive new hystricognath rodent, Sallamys quispea, sp. nov. It is similar to, but distinct from, S. pascuali of Salla. Indeed, despite the temporal and geographic proximity of Moquegua to Salla, none of the taxa from Moquegua that can be identified to species are known from Salla. Likewise, we have failed to find any dasypodids from Salla that have osteoderms like that described in this work. Thus, it is appears that distinctive paleogeographic and

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“…The holotype of Chunga incerta from the early/middle Pliocene of Argentina is a distal end of a tibiotarsus (Tonni 1974), and Riacama caliginea from the late Oligocene Deseado Formation in Argentina is only known from a fragmentary coracoid, correct identification of which is anything but certain (contra Agnolín 2004Agnolín , 2009 the bone is quite different from the coracoid of extant Cariamidae; see also Alvarenga and Höfling 2003;Tambussi and Degrange 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%