Manejos de cobertura, mecanismos sulcadores e velocidades de operação sobre a semeadura direta da cultura do milho

Abstract

ResumoA palhada de cobertura residual representa o grande diferencial do sistema de semeadura direta, propiciando melhorias nas condições biológicas, químicas e físicas do solo, em contrapartida esta matéria seca residual pode implicar em dificuldades no processo de semeadura, necessitando por vezes de um manejo deste resíduo. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento e produtividade da cultura do milho submetido a diferentes métodos de manejo de palhada, mecanismos sulcadores e velocidades de operação. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subsubdivididas, composto por 16 tratamentos e quatro repetições, totalizando 64 unidades experimentais. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação entre quatro manejos de palhada (palha gradeada, rolada, triturada e dessecada), dois mecanismos sulcadores (disco duplo e haste sulcadora) e duas velocidades de semeadura (4,5 e 7,0 km h -1 ). Avaliou-se a profundidade de deposição de sementes, área de solo mobilizada, uniformidade de distribuição de sementes, estande inicial de plantas, número de fileiras por espiga, número de grãos por fileira, massa de mil grãos e produtividade da cultura. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos às análises de variância e havendo diferenças significativas, as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de significância. A velocidade de operação de 7,0 km h -1 apresentou valores de espaçamentos falhos e duplos mais elevados. Os tratamentos empregados não influenciaram os componentes de rendimento da cultura, bem como não se observou diferenças significativas para a produtividade média da cultura de milho.Palavras-chave: semeadura direta, Zea mays, Avena strigosa, qualidade de semeadura, produtividade da cultura.Covering management, furrowing mechanisms and working speed over direct seeding of corn cultivation AbstractThe stubble covering left over represents the biggest difference of the direct seeding cultivation, providing improvement on biological, chemical and physical soil conditions. Nevertheless, the dry matter remaining may difficult the seeding process, demanding additional management of covering. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development and yield of corn cultivation submitted to different methods of stubble management, furrowing machinery and working speed. A block outlining was used at random with sub-divided lots consisting of 16 treatments and four repetitions, totalizing 64 experimental unities. The treatments consisted of a combination between four stubble managements (harrowed, rolled, grinded and desiccated stubble), two furrowing machines (double disc and furrowing shank) and two seeding velocities (4.5 e 7.0 km h -1 ). Deposition depth was evaluated, as well as mobilized soil area, eeding distribution, initial plant stand, rows per corn spike, grain per row, weight of thousand grains and crop yield. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance and since there were significant differences, the averages were compared by the Tukey test, at 5% of significance. The...

Maize Sowing Speeds and Seed-Metering Mechanisms

“…The deeper the seed deposition, the greater is the energy required for the emergence process, and possibly germination losses caused by low temperatures and low oxygen levels (Trogello et al, 2013).…”

Operational performance of a tractor-seeder according to the velocity and working depth

“…However, under different conditions of soil cover management, Trogello et al (2013a) observed no significant difference in the mobilized area for the velocities of 4.5 and 7.0 km h -1 . For the working depths, there was no statistical difference between 0.05 and 0.10 m, while the depth of 0.15 m mobilized more area than the others.…”

“…Another significant factor in the sowing process is the tractor velocity, because seed distribution uniformity is directly related to the displacement velocity (Trogello et al, 2013b) and can influence the opening and closure of the furrow and seed deposition depth (Trogello et al, 2013a). Furlani et al (2005), working with a precision seeder, observed that the increase in velocity caused a decrease in traction power, increase in the operational field capacity and power in the drawbar.…”

Performance of Corn Sowing in Fertilization System and Intercropping

“…The percentage of normal, failures and double spacing was determined (Cortez et al, 2009, Trogello et al, 2013aTrogello et al, 2013b;Melo et al, 2013;Weirich Neto et al, 2015;Arcoverde et al, 2016), considering percentages of spacing: "double" (D): <0.5 times the Xref; "normal" (A): 0.5 <Xref <1.5, and "failures" (F):> 1.5 the Xref, where the expected average spacing (Xref.…”

“…The different conditions imposed by soil preparation influences the performance of agricultural mach ines and implements, which have to adapt to promote high operational capacity (Chioderoli et al, 2010).The sowing-fertilization operations are fundamental for the establishment of annual grain-producing crops. In NTS, due to the minimal t illing and maintenance of the vegetation cover on the soil surface, there is usually an increase in soil resistance to penetration and, consequently, greater difficulties during the seed and fertilizer deposition process than those verified in conventional preparation, especially in those where there is intense soil mobilizat ion, and greater care is required in relat ion to the operational and management conditions of the cover (Trogello et al, 2013a;Trogello et al, 2013b).…”