Contribuição à neuropsicologia do comportamento executivo: Torre de Londres e teste de Wisconsin em indivíduos normais

Souza, Ricardo de Oliveira; Ignácio, Fátima de Azevedo; Cunha, Fernando Cimini; Oliveira, Dayse L. Gusmão de; Moll, Jorge

doi:10.1590/s0004-282x2001000400008

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As previously mentioned, Souza et al (2001) observed no difference in performance in the categories completed and perseverative errors on the WCST between healthy men and women, but differences were found in the other measures of executive function, showing a better outcome in men. However, had significantly higher educational levels than women in the study and this variable may have influenced these results.…”

Section: Blocksupporting

confidence: 53%

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Frontal stroke: Problem solving, decision making, impulsiveness, and depressive symptoms in men and women.

Scheffer

Monteiro

Almeida

2011

Psychology & Neuroscience

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The present study compared men and women who suffered a frontal lobe stroke with regard to problem solving, decision making, impulsive behavior and depressive symptoms and also correlated these variables between groups. The sample was composed of 10 males and nine females. The study period was 6 months after the stroke. The following instruments were used: Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST), Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), Barrat Impulsiveness Scale (BIS11), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). For the exclusion criteria of the sample, the Mini International Psychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I Plus) and Mini Mental Stage Examination (MMSE) were used. To measure functional severity post-stroke, the Rankin Scale was used. The average age was 60.90 ± 8.93 years for males and 60.44 ± 11.57 years for females. In females, total impulsiveness (p = .013) and lack of planning caused by impulsiveness (p = .028) were significantly higher compared with males, assessed by the BIS11. These data indicate that females in the present sample who suffered a chronic frontal lesion were more impulsive and presented more planning difficulties in situations without demanding cognitive processing. These results that show gender differences should be considered when planning psychotherapy and cognitive rehabilitation for patients who present these characteristics.

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Section: Blocksupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Women showed a higher degree of depression (Souza, Ignácio Cunha, Oliveira, & Moll, 2001). Additional evidence indicates that women with high depressive symptoms have fewer strategies for coping with emotions compared with men with high depressive symptoms (Thayer, Rossy, Ruiz-Padial, & Johnsen, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal stroke: Problem solving, decision making, impulsiveness, and depressive symptoms in men and women.

Scheffer

Monteiro

Almeida

2011

Psychology & Neuroscience

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“…15 Souza et al também observaram associação direta entre anos de estudo e desempenho em teste relacionado à tomada de decisão e à velocidade de processamento; de modo que, quanto menor é a escolaridade, menor a velocidade de processamento e maior a dificuldade em realizar duas ou mais ações paralelamente. 16 No envelhecimento normal, observa-se desempenho prejudicado em funções como atenção, memória de trabalho e velocidade de processamento, 17 funções avaliadas por intermédio do teste de TEVA. 11 A associação observada entre o desempenho no teste de MLP e a idade pode ser justificada pela perda na capacidade de aprendizagem de novas informações, achado inerente ao envelhecimento normal.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Influência da escolaridade e da idade em testes cognitivos

Quintas¹,

Camargos²,

Melo³

et al. 2017

Geriatr., Gerontol. Aging

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a RESUMOOBJETIVOS: Identificar fatores que interferem no desempenho de testes cognitivos frequentemente utilizados na prática clínica em idosos não dementes. MÉTODO: Amostra composta por 213 indivíduos, com média de idade de 72,9 ± 6,1 anos. Foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos de avaliação: Escala de Depressão Geriátrica; Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM); Teste de Pares Associados I e II da Escala Wechsler de Memória; Teste de Dígitos ordem direta e inversa da Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Adultos (WAIS-III); Teste de Tempo de Reação Simples (TEVA); e Torre de Hanói. Utilizou-se um modelo de regressão linear múltiplo para verificar interação entre variáveis dependentes e independentes. RESULTADOS: Em sua maioria, os testes não sofreram influência significativa quando controlados para sexo, estado civil, sintomas depressivos ou uso de drogas psicotrópicas. Observou-se significativa interferência da escolaridade e da idade sobre o desempenho nos testes cognitivos aplicados. Observou-se alta correlação entre escores no MEEM e escolaridade, com aumento de 1 ponto no valor obtido no teste para cada 4 anos de escolaridade (p < 0,0001). Resultados dos testes de memória de curto e longo prazos também sofreram significativa influência da escolaridade (respectivamente, p = 0,0001; p = 0,02). Baixa escolaridade influenciou negativamente o desempenho em atenção segundo o teste TEVA, aumentando significativamente o Tempo de Reação -TR (p = 0,002), a percentagem de erro (p = 0,01) e proporção de falsos alarmes (p = 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Nosso estudo observou significativa influência da idade e da escolaridade na performance de idosos não dementes em testes cognitivos que avaliam desempenho global, memória de curto e longo prazos, atenção, flexibilidade cognitiva e velocidade de processamento. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: cognição; memória; idosos; escolaridade; testes neuropsicológicos. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES:To identify factors that interfere with performance in cognitive tests frequently used for non-demented elderly in clinical practice. METHOD: Sample composed of 213 individuals, mean age 72.9 ± 6.1 years. The following assessment instruments were applied: Geriatric Depression Scale; Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); Verbal Paired Associates tests I and II (VPA) from the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS); Direct and Reverse Order Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III); Simple Reaction Time (SRT), and Tower of Hanoi. A multiple linear regression model was used to verify interaction between dependent and independent variables. RESULTS: For the most part, the tests were not significantly influenced when adjusted for gender, marital status, depressive symptoms or use of psychotropic drugs. Significant interference of schooling and age on performance in applied cognitive tests was pointed out. There was a high correlation between MMSE scores and schooling, with a 1-point increase in the value obtained in the test for every four years of schooling (p < 0.0001). Results of shortand long-term memory tests were also significantl...

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“…It is suggested that the tests evaluating the executive functions which are dynamic and functional should be well designed and effective at the psychological processes like the usage of the planning strategies and problem solving [34]. Tower tests are thought to include the ability to attempt focused target behaviour, develop strategic sequential planning and application [35]. In the literature tower tests were not used frequently to evaluate the executive functions in alcohol-dependent patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Executive Functions and Problem Solving Styles of Protracted Sober and Relapsed Alcohol-dependent Patients

Burhanoğlu¹

2014

Brain Disord Ther

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In this study, it is aimed to compare the executive functioning and problem solving styles of relapsed alcoholdependent and protracted sober patients and to evaluate the potential clinical factors that act on the duration of sobriety. Fifty-six male patients meeting the DSM-IV alcohol dependence criteria included in the study. All patients were in sobriety period, classified as 32 of them in acute sobriety (relapsed after a maximum period of 6 months sobriety and just completed 3 weeks of detoxification) and 24 of them as protracted sobriety group (sober for a minimum period of 12 months). To evaluate the executive functions and problem solving styles Stroop test, Hanoi Tower Test and Problem Solving Inventory were applied. No significant differences found between two groups regarding executive functions. The protracted sobers were found to use "reflective" and "planfulness" styles more than the relapsed group. There was not any correlation between executive function and cumulative drinking, length of sobriety, educational status, age, alcohol dependency in the family, duration of illness, the amount of daily drinking, and amount of hospitalization. It is concluded that problem solving styles may play a role in staying sober as the "reflective" and "planfulness" styles were being used significantly more in the protracted sober group. Executive functioning which had been shown to be distorted in alcohol-dependent patients did not differ in relapsed and protracted sobriety. Further studies are needed to receive these results to be a determinant in the duration of sobriety.

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Contribuição à neuropsicologia do comportamento executivo: Torre de Londres e teste de Wisconsin em indivíduos normais

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Frontal stroke: Problem solving, decision making, impulsiveness, and depressive symptoms in men and women.

Frontal stroke: Problem solving, decision making, impulsiveness, and depressive symptoms in men and women.

Influência da escolaridade e da idade em testes cognitivos

Differences in Executive Functions and Problem Solving Styles of Protracted Sober and Relapsed Alcohol-dependent Patients

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