“…Moreover, to reduce complications and to improve patient recovery, the use of minimally invasive procedures has been used. The implementation of these techniques, however, involves higher costs from extensive laparoscopic training and greater skill levels by the surgeon [12,15,23,30]. Conventional esophagectomy can be performed with either laparotomy and transhiatal dissection, or with laparotomy and thoracotomy, techniques that are associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality.…”