Use of the Stroop Encephalapp for Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy Screening in Cirrhotic Patients in Southern Brazil

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) is difficult to detect due to the lack of easily applicable screening tools. The Stroop EncephalApp is a smartphone application already validated for CHE screening. However, its applicability to the Brazilian population is not known. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of CHE and evaluate the use of Stroop EncephalApp in a cirrhotic population in Brazil. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 99 patients previously diagnosed with liver cirrhosis in a Private Hospital in Curitiba/PR. Patients were initially submitted to the mini mental state examination (MMSE) to exclude individuals with dementia. After, the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES) test was performed and lastly, the Stroop EncephalApp test. Results were adjusted for age, sex and education levels to evaluate the accuracy of the app on detecting the disease, comparing its results with the gold standard method (PHES). Patients with one or more of the following were excluded: dementia, inadequate MMSE score, illiteracy, color blindness, history of drugs/alcohol abuse within the past 3 months and previous or actual episodes of encephalopathy. The statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 2.0 and the significance adopted by 5%. RESULTS: We included 82 individuals in the final analysis. Among these patients, 29 were diagnosed with CHE by the PHES test (35.36% prevalence) and 28 of those obtained equal diagnosis by the Stroop EncephalApp (96.6% sensitivity). A total of 53 patients obtained negative results for CHE by PHES, while the Stroop test classified 27 of them as having the disease. In the multivariate analysis, high levels of education were associated with better performance during the tests. No significant relationship was observed between age and sex with the probability of diagnosing CHE through the PHES test.

Tecnologia da informação para redução do uso irracional de inibidores da Bomba de Prótons – Revisão narrativa

“…O TRAT-C busca orientar o melhor esquema terapêutico para portadores de hepatite C (Pessoa et al, 2021). Já o Stroop EncephalApp visa o diagnóstico e avaliação de encefalopatia hepática mínima em pacientes cirróticos (Machado Júnior et al, 2020).…”

Artificial Intelligence and Its Application to Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy Diagnosis

“…Bajaj et al confirmed its external validity, face validity, and test-retest reliability [34]. EncephalApp_Stroop has been validated in Brazil, China and Korea, and was further expanded in the USA [31,33,35,36].…”