Ocular surface adverse effects of ambient levels of air pollution

Torricelli, André A. M.; Novaes, Priscila; Matsuda, Monique; Alves, Mílton Ruiz; Monteiro, Mário Luiz Ribeiro

doi:10.1590/s0004-27492011000500016

Cited by 62 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Inadequate or excessive axial growth of eyes relative to the ocular refractive power is one of the known causes of myopia. In addition to inducing systemic inflammation, exposure to air pollution generates local inflammation on the ocular surface [13, 48]. Animal studies have shown that eye surface inflammation can infiltrate into the eye [49], resulting in retinal inflammation [50], which in turn can affect its neuroactivity and regulation of axial length growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, air pollution has been implicated as a risk factor for dry eye disease by inducing instability of tear film, ocular surface inflammation, epithelial differentiation and hyperplasia of goblets cells [13, 48]. Dry eye disease has been shown to result in reduction in corneal thickness [55] and irregularities in corneal surface [56] which can ultimately lead to impaired visual acuity [57, 58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the eyes are directly exposed to air pollution, making them a prime target organ for the adverse effects of such an exposure. In addition to the short-term effects of air pollution on the eye, such as irritation of the ocular surface and its accompanying symptoms and complaints, chronic exposure to air pollution has been associated with long-lasting ocular conditions such as dry eye disease [13] and cataract [14]. Although air pollution could induce myopia through systemic inflammation and oxidative stress (as discussed later in the text), to date no studies have reported on the potential effect of air pollution on the development of myopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traffic-related air pollution and spectacles use in schoolchildren

et al. 2017

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PurposeTo investigate the association between exposure to traffic-related air pollution and use of spectacles (as a surrogate measure for myopia) in schoolchildren.MethodsWe analyzed the impact of exposure to NO2 and PM2.5 light absorbance at home (predicted by land-use regression models) and exposure to NO2 and black carbon (BC) at school (measured by monitoring campaigns) on the use of spectacles in a cohort of 2727 schoolchildren (7–10 years old) in Barcelona (2012–2015). We conducted cross-sectional analyses based on lifelong exposure to air pollution and prevalent cases of spectacles at baseline data collection campaign as well as longitudinal analyses based on incident cases of spectacles use and exposure to air pollution during the three-year period between the baseline and last data collection campaigns. Logistic regression models were developed to quantify the association between spectacles use and each of air pollutants adjusted for relevant covariates.ResultsAn interquartile range increase in exposure to NO2 and PM2.5 absorbance at home was respectively associated with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for spectacles use of 1.16 (1.03, 1.29) and 1.13 (0.99, 1.28) in cross-sectional analyses and 1.15 (1.00, 1.33) and 1.23 (1.03, 1.46) in longitudinal analyses. Similarly, odds ratio (95% CIs) of spectacles use associated with an interquartile range increase in exposures to NO2 and black carbon at school was respectively 1.32 (1.09, 1.59) and 1.13 (0.97, 1.32) in cross-sectional analyses and 1.12 (0.84, 1.50) and 1.27 (1.03, 1.56) in longitudinal analyses. These findings were robust to a range of sensitivity analyses that we conducted.ConclusionWe observed increased risk of spectacles use associated with exposure to traffic-related air pollution. These findings require further confirmation by future studies applying more refined outcome measures such as quantified visual acuity and separating different types of refractive errors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traffic-related air pollution and spectacles use in schoolchildren

et al. 2017

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“…Furthermore, occupational hazards related to large-scale agriculture and sugar cane processing can lead to exposure to gases, particulate matter, UV exposure, and altered microbiota (45,46) . On the other hand, indoor environmental conditions involving low humidity, excessive use of video display units (VDU), and high levels of CO 2 can be equally threatening to ocular surface health (4,(47)(48)(49) .…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Dry Eye Related To Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is dry eye an environmental disease?

Alves¹,

Novaes²,

Morraye³

et al. 2014

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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Previous studies have revealed that eye contact with either air pollutants or adverse indoor and/or outdoor environmental conditions can affect tear film composition and ocular surface components. These effects are mediated by selective binding of the environmental agents to ocular surface membrane receptors, leading to activation of pro inflammatory signaling pathways. The aim of the current review was to examine the published evidence associated with environmental factors and ocular surface disease and dry eye. Specifically, the reader will appreciate why it is possible to refer to them as mediators of Environmental Dry Eye Disease (EDED), a singular clinical entity inside DED context, directly caused by pollutants and/ or adverse climatic conditions. The indicators and clinical findings are described along with EDE differential diagnosis in its acute and the chronic phases. Based on strong existing evidence of clinical reports and epidemiological observations regarding DED and environmental factors we conclude that there is a straight cause-and-effect relationship between ambient stresses and DED. International standards and web-based tools are described for monitoring worldwide environmental conditions referring localities and populations susceptible to EDED. This information is beneficial to health providers to pinpoint the individuals and predisposed groups afflicted with DED. Such insights may not only improve the understanding and treatment of DED but also help to identify the contributing factors and lower the frequency and progression of EDED. of DED has been studied and confirmed in animal models of human DED (13)(14)(15) . KeywordsAs indicated, a healthy and pain-free ocular surface depends on identifying and eliminating factors that cause ambient humidity, airflow and purity, and temperature to intolerable levels. Such an undertaking is needed to preserve tear film qualities commensurate with ocular surface health. This is essential to sustain sufficient corneal refractive power, visual acuity, and ocular comfort (5,16,17) . A desiccating environment can lead to increase in tear film evaporation and/or decline in its turn over and clearance. These initial events lead to exposure of the ocular surface to hazardous environmental elements that trigger or exacerbate EDED symptoms. Clinical findings have shown that increased numbers of people are affected by EDED because of exposure to environmental factors ( Figure 2).Our purpose herein is to provide a critical appraisal of the clinical and epidemiological evidence indicating that DED is influenced by environmental factors. Secondly, we delineate EDED as a single clinical entity with a unique set of symptoms and clinical findings different from that of either DED or other diseases, such as Sjögren's syndrome, diabetes mellitus or drug induced, allergic conjunctivitis, toxic or irritative conjunctivitis, and actinic keratitis. Moreover, we will describe standard tools used to monitor environmental conditions and discuss their relevance in EDED ep...

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“…In this study, Doppler data were associated with visual perimetry results showing that, together, these data have 90% sensitivity in glaucoma diagnosis. Torricelli and colleagues (11) wrote an interesting review article on a problem that increasingly affects the world's urban population: environmental pollution. The manuscript addresses the pertinent literature and concludes that, although there are many studies on the effects of pollution on the respiratory system, the literature is scarce in relation to ocular alterations related to environmental pollution.…”

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confidence: 99%

Neste fascículo do ABO

Chamon¹

2011

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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This issue of ABO brings interesting articles in epidemiology, basic research, new technologies and randomized clinical trials.Kara-Júnior and his colleagues (1) presented the results of a questionnaire administered to more than 600 patients treated in a campaign to perform cataract surgery in São Paulo. The study showed a sad reality for patients excluded from the comprehensive eye care. Almost half of all patients interviewed were unable to gain access to cataract surgery before the campaign, because they have abandoned the free public service as a result of the long waiting lists or for failing to schedule their surgeries (19%), or did not have the resources to afford the costs associated with surgeries performed by health insurance or private care (29%). The costs reported by patients who had not sought public service ranged from R$ 1,000 to over R$ 4,000.00. Authors rightly emphasized in their conclusions "the need to continue to carry out community campaigns to meet people who would not have access to surgery by conventional means." I also believe it is important to consider that, despite the campaigns being indispensable at the present time the Brazilian public health, we must keep in mind that, ideally, access to health care should be possible for the whole population without the need to create specific campaigns.Patients with anophthalmic cavities were evaluated in two articles (2,3) . Narikawa and colleagues (2) retrospectively analyzed the epidemiological profile of 107 patients with anophthalmic cavity in a reference service in the state of São Paulo, detecting trauma as the most frequent etiology, especially in men. In another study conducted in the Federal District, Goulart and colleagues (3) assessed the psychosocial aspects involved in the rehabilitation of patients with anophthalmic cavity. In their study, which evaluated 44.4% of patients with anophthalmic cavity since 2004, the trauma was also nominated as the most frequent cause. In this sample, one third of patients said that the eye loss negatively influenced their daily routine.Several epidemiological, clinical and basic research articles focused on retinal aspects. In another epidemiological study, evaluating patients with sickle cell disease, Freitas and colleagues (4) demonstrated that routine eye examination may, in specific cases, establish clinical suspicion of systemic diseases. Gil and colleagues (5) conducted a randomized double-blind clinical trial to compare, through morphological and functional assessment, the treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema with intravitreal triamcinolone and with laser phototherapy. Twenty-one eyes of 14 patients were randomly assigned to each group. Although intravitreal injection have led to the decrease in retinal thickness measured by OCT, the study showed no functional differences between the initial examination after three months of treatment in either group. In a study of basic research, evaluating a promising anti-inflammatory drug for intravitreal use, Rassi et al. (6) demonstrated that...

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Ocular surface adverse effects of ambient levels of air pollution

Cited by 62 publications

References 45 publications

Traffic-related air pollution and spectacles use in schoolchildren

Traffic-related air pollution and spectacles use in schoolchildren

Is dry eye an environmental disease?

Neste fascículo do ABO

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