2011
DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302011000900004
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Abstract: Objective: To report the use of sodium diclofenac, an antagonist of PPAR-gamma and cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor in the treatment of mild to moderate Graves' ophthalmopathy. Subjects and methods: Thirteen patients with clinical activity score (CAS) 2 to 7 were treated during a period ranging from 3 to 12 months (mean 7.8 ± 3.4) with oral sodium diclofenac, 50 mg every 12 hours. Results: Extra-ocular muscle restriction and CAS improved significantly, p = 0.003 and = 0.004, respectively. Ocular pain and dip… Show more

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Cited by 9 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…Although only 7 patients were studied by Amemia [15], there were effects of indomethacin on soft tissue symptoms, eye protrusion and eye muscle symptoms. In a recent study by Bloise et al [16], similar effects of diclofenac were shown on muscle symptoms and ocular pain. Due to the knowledge about retrobulbar morphological changes in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism without clinical ophthalmopathy, it may be of importance to intervene as early as possible.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 59%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Although only 7 patients were studied by Amemia [15], there were effects of indomethacin on soft tissue symptoms, eye protrusion and eye muscle symptoms. In a recent study by Bloise et al [16], similar effects of diclofenac were shown on muscle symptoms and ocular pain. Due to the knowledge about retrobulbar morphological changes in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism without clinical ophthalmopathy, it may be of importance to intervene as early as possible.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 59%
“…We have demonstrated upregulation of immediate early genes, including cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2), which have important functions in the pathogenesis of adipogenesis in patients with severe ophthalmopathy [14]. There have only been two studies published on treatment of ophthalmopathy with NSAIDs (indomethacin or diclofenac) [15,16]. Although only 7 patients were studied by Amemia [15], there were effects of indomethacin on soft tissue symptoms, eye protrusion and eye muscle symptoms.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…More advanced orbitopathy will benefit from surgery. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents have also been tried with success in a small study [24].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In his in vitro experiments, by isolating and culturing preadipocytes from TED orbits, he demonstrated that the PPAR γ agonists resulted in a 2- to 13-fold increase, and a PPAR γ antagonist produced a 2- to 7-fold reduction in adipogenesis [110]. Consistent with this finding, sodium diclofenac, another antagonist of PPAR γ , also appeared to have efficacy in the treatment of GO [111]. However, PPAR γ also has anti-inflammatory activity.…”
Section: Ppar γ and Ocular Diseasementioning
confidence: 95%