Potencial role of stem cell therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

type 1 diabetes mellitus is the result of the autoimmune response against pancreatic β-cell(s). At the time of clinical diagnosis near 70% of β-cell mass is been destroyed as a consequence of the auto-destruction that begins months or even years before the clinical diagnosis. Although marked reduction of chronic complications was seen after development and progression of insulin therapy over the years for type 1 diabetic population, associated risks of chronic end-organ damage and hypoglycemia still remain. Besides tight glucose control, β-cell mass preservation and/or increase are known to be other important targets in management of type 1 diabetes as long as it reduces chronic microvascular complications in the eyes, kidneys and nerves. Moreover, the larger the β-cell mass, the lower the incidence of hypoglycemic events. in this article, we discuss some insights about β-cell regeneration, the importance of regulation of the autoimmune process and what is being employed in human type 1 diabetes in regard to stem cell repertoire to promote regeneration and/or preservation of β-cell mass. RESuMOO potencial das células-tronco no tratamento do Diabetes Melito tipo 1. o diabetes melito tipo 1 (dM1) é o resultado de uma resposta auto-imune contra as células-beta pancreáticas. Por ocasião do diagnóstico clínico do dM1, aproximadamente 70% da massa de células-beta foram destruídas como conseqüência de uma autodestruição que se iniciou há anos ou meses antes dos primeiros sinais da doença. embora a redução acentuada das complicações crônicas na população com dM1 foi observada após o desenvolvimento e evolução da insulinoterapia, os riscos associados às lesões dos órgãos-alvo e hipoglicemia persistem. Além do controle intensivo da glicemia, a preservação e/ou o aumento da massa de células-beta são reconhecidos como alvos importantes no tratamento do dM1. isto vem associado à redução das complicações crônicas microvasculares na retina, rins e nervos e a menor incidência de eventos hipoglicêmicos. neste artigo, discutimos alguns aspectos da regeneração das células-beta pancreáticas, a importância da regulação do processo auto-imune e o que está sendo empregado no dM1 humano com relação ao repertório das células-tronco nesse sentido.

Hypoglycemic and pancreatic protective effects of Portulaca oleracea extract in alloxan induced diabetic rats

“…Irrespective of the type of diabetes, β-cell mass preservation and/or increase are known to be important targets in management of diabetes as long as it reduces chronic microvascular complications in the eyes, kidneys and nerves [32]. …”

Changes in pancreatic histology, insulin secretion and oxidative status in diabetic rats following treatment with Ficus deltoidea and vitexin

“…Importantly, oxidative stress has been postulated as a possible mechanism for diabetes-associated tissue and other systemic complications [4]. It is thus justified to conclude that replenishment of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells is crucial for treating diabetes and its complications [5], thereby overcoming the inadequacies of current treatment strategies.…”

Virtual learning object in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for autoimmune diseases

“…As this is a recent therapeutic modality, consistently reported in the literature for no more than two decades, the narrative review of the literature was exhaustive (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) , exploring all possible sources of information about the subject. We emphasize that the scientific production of the research group about nursing care subsidized the construction of the available information (31)(32) .…”