Edible flowers: traditional and current use

Abstract

Flowers have been part of human life since antiquity. Several civilizations have left the legacy of using flowers in art, natural medicine, as well as in cooking to color, flavor and embellish various dishes. Edible flowers (EF) are those that can be consumed without endangering consumer’s health. Although not all countries in the world use flowers for food, their use has increased in general, as well as the interest of researchers from different areas of knowledge, as they are considered new sources of nutrients and bioactive compounds. However, the safety of its use is still questioned due to the lack of more information about the maximum safe amount of daily intake. This review aimed to gather information about the traditional use of EF, safety in consumption and consumers’ perception of these products.

Production of edible flowers: irrigation and biotechnology

“…The use of plants with edible flowers to compose gardens and landscapes are highly desirable, since the flowers bring not only beauty and balance to the environment, but they are a great source of antioxidant compounds and essential oils, being well appreciated in the high world gastronomy (Kinupp & Lorenzi, 2014;Santos & Reis, 2021). The edible flowers are highlighted, among functional foods, due to the presence of bioactive compounds, which are capable of neutralizing free radicals and contributing to a healthy and balanced diet (Gonçalves et al, 2019b;Janarny et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2022).…”

Familiar Edible Flowers in Indonesia

“…Interest based on consumption is divided into two, edible and non-edible flowers. Edible flowers are flowers that can be consumed, both in tea and processed food and drinks 1 . Edible flowers are a cultural heritage that has been known for centuries, such as natural medicine, coloring, dish decoration, flavoring, and also used as a religion 2 .…”

“…Edible flowers are a cultural heritage that has been known for centuries, such as natural medicine, coloring, dish decoration, flavoring, and also used as a religion 2 . Several edible flowers such as roses (Rosa sp) have been used since ancient Rowawi times as sweeteners, jams and drinks and desserts 1 . Gemitir flowers (Tagetes Erecta) in Mexico are used as traditional medicines, analgesics, antiseptics and in India as religious ceremonies 3 .…”