Use of cinacalcet and sunitinib to treat hypercalcaemia due to a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor

Valdes-Socin, H.; Almanza, Matilde Rubio; Fernández-Ladreda, Mariana Tomé; Daele, Daniel Van; Polus, Marc; Chavez, Marcela; Beckers, Albert

doi:10.1590/2359-3997000000291

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Surprisingly, our patient started responding to cinacalcet, with a reduction in her albumin-adjusted total serum calcium levels to 2.79 mmol/L. In the other reports in which cinacalcet has been used for the treatment of paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia, the tumours involved have been neuroendocrine tumours, breast cancer, lung cancer and renal cell carcinoma 6 12–15…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Refractory paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia responding to cinacalcet

2022

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A woman in her late 70s presented with an increased frequency of micturition, suprapubic pain and weight loss. She was found to be having advanced cancer of the urinary bladder, coupled with bilateral hydronephrosis.Whilst undergoing surgical intervention for the latter, she was incidentally found to be having hypercalcaemia. This was found to be paraneoplastic in nature, possibly due to elevated parathyroid hormone related peptide with no evidence of bone metastasis. The histology of the resected tumour revealed squamous and sarcomatoid differentiation. Her hypercalcaemia initially responded to intravenous fluids, and later on zolendronate,but the problem recurred again, with the response to a repeat dose of zolendronate and even denosumab being unsatisfactory. As a last resort cinacalcet was started, and although there was a good response to it, our patient sadly died a few weeks later.We believe our case to be the first case of hypercalcaemia associated with isolated bladder cancer which showed a successful response to cinacalcet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Refractory paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia responding to cinacalcet

2022

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“…We furthermore completed our research by analyzing the references of the selected papers (see Figure 1 ). We finally assessed 78 papers for a total of 114 patients for eligibility (see Table 1 ) [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Lies behind Paraneoplastic Hypercalcemia Secondary to Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Neoplasms? A Systematic Review of the Literature

Giannetta

Sesti

Modica

et al. 2022

JPM

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Background: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) originate from neuroendocrine cells ubiquitously spread throughout the body. Hypercalcemia associated with cancer is the most common life-threatening metabolic disorder in patients with advanced stage cancer. Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia is more commonly associated with hematological malignancies, renal and breast carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas, but it has also been described in patients with well-differentiated NEN, where it often remains undiagnosed. Among its causes, systemic secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and ectopic production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) may be considered paraneoplastic causes of hypercalcemia. In order to clarify the diagnostic work up of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia in patients with NEN, we perform a systematic review, which is lacking in the literature. Methods: We performed a data search using MEDLINE and SCOPUS including papers from 1961 to 2021. We selected articles on paraneoplastic hypercalcemia associated with well-differentiated NEN. Results: The search led to the selection of 78 publications for a total of 114 patients. Pooled data showed that the most frequent primary tumor site associated with paraneoplastic hypercalcemia was pancreatic NEN, followed by Pheochromocytoma. In most cases, paraneoplastic hypercalcemia was caused by PTHrP production and secretion. In more than two thirds of cases, paraneoplastic hypercalcemia was present at the time of NEN diagnosis and, in metachronous cases, was related to local recurrence, distant metastasis development, or tumor progression. In most patients, a combination of therapeutic approaches was employed, and reduction of the tumor burden was essential to control the paraneoplastic syndrome. Discussion: The onset of hypercalcemia associated with cancer in patients with well-differentiated NEN represents a major clinical challenge. The complex clinical and therapeutical management of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia implies the need for a multidisciplinary approach, aimed at controlling the clinical syndrome and tumor growth.

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“…This patient’s refractory hypercalcemia despite multiple calcium-reducing agents made treatment difficult, as balancing the proper level of treatment with the risk of precipitating hypocalcemia had to be juggled. Ultimately, cinacalcet was utilized for refractory hypercalcemia, as it has successfully been used in the setting of NEC with HHM before [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine Carcinoma as a Cause of Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy: A Case of a Patient With Elevated Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein

Christensen¹,

Rendo²,

Beeler³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) is a paraneoplastic syndrome caused by elevations in parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP). HHM often presents in patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, head, and neck, as well as breast, ovarian, renal, and bladder carcinomas. HHM associated with neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is rarely observed. Here, we report a case of NEC-associated HHM refractory to standard calcium-reducing therapies but improved with the off-label addition of cinacalcet. A 31-year-old male with metastatic NEC presented to the emergency department (ED) with symptoms of nausea, emesis, constipation, and progressive weakness. He was being treated via a clinical trial at a tertiary referral center after failing standard therapies. He had recently been admitted at an outside facility for hypercalcemia, which had been managed with denosumab (120 mg subcutaneously) over the previous four weeks. He was admitted from the ED with a serum calcium of 14.6 mg/dL, potassium of 2.9 mmol/L, and phosphate of 1.2 mg/dL; ionized calcium was elevated at 8.0 mg/dL. Despite hydration and aggressive electrolyte replacement, his calcium increased to 15.5 mg/dL. Further laboratory evaluation revealed parathyroid hormone (PTH) of 6 pg/mL (10-65 pg/mL), 25-hydroxyvitamin D of 25 ng/mL (25-80 ng/mL), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D of 513 pg/mL (18-64 pg/mL), and PTH-rP of 25 pmol/L (<2.5 pmol/L), consistent with HHM. Calcitonin was avoided due to a prior hypersensitivity reaction. He received prednisone 10 mg daily and pamidronate 90 mg IV, and his calcium improved to 11.5 mg/dL. He was discharged and investigational therapy was resumed. This therapy failed, and he did not qualify for additional cancer therapy due to refractory hypercalcemia. He was started on cinacalcet, and his calcium decreased enough to permit further cancer treatment. He had multiple hospitalizations with fluctuating calcium levels and ultimately died several months later after sustaining a subarachnoid hemorrhage from a fall. In conclusion, we report a rare case of HHM associated with NEC. While many cases of HHM are effectively managed with hydration, calcitonin, antiresorptive therapies, and glucocorticoids, some are refractory. Our patient was refractory and differed from most patients with HHM in at least two ways. As mentioned previously, NEC causing HHM is quite uncommon (~2% of cases); it is unclear, but this malignancy might predispose to refractory hypercalcemia. Our patient’s elevated vitamin D may also have made his HHM more resistant to treatment. Ultimately, while not first line, cinacalcet was an effective treatment in our patient. This provides additional evidence that cinacalcet may be considered for refractory hypercalcemia secondary to malignancy.

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Use of cinacalcet and sunitinib to treat hypercalcaemia due to a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Refractory paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia responding to cinacalcet

Refractory paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia responding to cinacalcet

What Lies behind Paraneoplastic Hypercalcemia Secondary to Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Neoplasms? A Systematic Review of the Literature

Neuroendocrine Carcinoma as a Cause of Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy: A Case of a Patient With Elevated Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein

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