“…Environmental acidification occurring in nature via natural geographical composition is known to reduce water pH to an acidity level in natural water bodies that is not suitable for most of the aquatic lives (Idrus et al, 2021). Nevertheless, environmental acidification caused by human-related activities via industrialization and agricultural pollution are known to cause spontaneous pH fluctuation (Thalib et al, 2021) and poses serious threats to aquatic ecosystems (Mohamad et al, 2021;Oliveira and de Santos, 2021). Research focus on the impact of freshwater acidification remains significantly limited as compared to ocean acidification (Hasler et al, 2017).…”