Differences in adherence to COVID-19 pandemic containment measures: psychopathy traits, empathy, and sex

Carvalho, Lucas de Francisco; Machado, Gisele Magarotto

doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2020-0055

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…We examined whether the framing of the scenario and the influence of the Dark Triad traits make a difference in risk‐averse or risk‐seeking decisions in response to COVID‐19 pandemic. Our findings are consistent with those of other recent studies (e.g., Carvalho & Machado, 2020; Zajenkowski et al, 2020) in suggesting that people with higher levels of trait psychopathy engage in more risky behaviour and therefore less compliance behaviours such as adherence to recommended containment measures. Therefore, we can use our knowledge of personality to suggest that decision‐makers with psychopathic tendencies may take unnecessary risks with other people's lives during a pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The current pandemic is not an exception to this norm. Recent evidence suggests that individuals with higher levels of the Dark Triad traits are more likely to engage in risky behaviours such as ignoring social distancing recommendations and refusing to wear masks in public during the pandemic (Carvalho & Machado, 2020; Zajenkowski et al, 2020).…”

Section: Dark Triad Personality Traits and Risky Decision‐makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Dark Triad trait of psychopathy and message framing predict risky decision‐making during the COVID‐19 pandemic

et al. 2021

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T he effects of framing on risky decision-making have been studied extensively in research using Kahneman and Tversky's (1981) hypothetical scenario about a contagious Asian disease. The COVID-19 pandemic offers a unique opportunity to test how message framing affects risky decision-making when millions of real lives are at stake worldwide. In a sample of US adults (N = 294), we investigated the effects of message framing and personality (Dark Triad traits) in relation to risky decision-making during the COVID-19 crisis. We found that both gain-and loss-framing influenced risk choice in response to COVID-19. People were more risk-averse in the loss condition of the current study compared to the benchmark established by Tversky and Kahneman (1981). Among the Dark Triad traits, psychopathy emerged as the significant predictor of risk taking, suggesting that people who score high in psychopathy are more likely to gamble with other people's lives during the COVID-19 crisis. We suggest that both voters and pandemic-related public awareness campaigns should consider the possibility that decision-makers with psychopathic tendencies may take greater risks with other people's lives during a pandemic. In addition, the framing of public-health messages should be tailored to increase the chances of compliance with government restrictions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Dark Triad Personality Traits and Risky Decision‐makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dark Triad trait of psychopathy and message framing predict risky decision‐making during the COVID‐19 pandemic

et al. 2021

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“…In support of the observational findings by O'Connell et al (2021) 3 , Carvalho and Machado (2020) 4 , and Nivette et al (2020) 5 , the positive genetic correlation between ASB and Covid-19 suggests that individuals who engage in ASB appear more susceptible to Covid-19 than those who do not engage in ASB. This implies they may put themselves and others at higher risk and/or that the health conditions associated with ASB, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, make those prone to ASB an at-risk group for Covid-19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…(2021) reported that those in an online US cohort who engaged more in ASB also more frequently ignored Covid-19 social-distancing measures 3 . Likewise using an online cohort, Carvalho and Machado (2020) found that those with increased psychopathic traits and low levels of empathy tended to adhere less to Covid-19 containment measures 4 . As a final example, Nivette et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared Genomic Architectures of COVID-19 and Antisocial Behavior

Adams¹,

Tielbeek

Boutwell

2021

Preprint

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BACKGROUND. Norm violation, aggression, and antisocial behaviors (ASB) are harmful to society. In times of crisis, such as the current pandemic, individuals with higher antisocial tendencies may subvert efforts to ameliorate social problems. Complicating research on this topic, however, is the fact that variance in both ASB and health traits is partly heritable, suggesting the possibility of genetic correlations between them. METHODS. We characterized the shared polygenic architecture of ASB, Covid-19, and related traits, leveraging summary statistics from genome-wide association studies. RESULTS. After multiple-testing correction, ASB was genetically correlated with average income (rg=-0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.65, -0.43); education years (rg=-0.48; CI: -0.59, -0.38; verbal reasoning (rg=-0.44; CI: -0.58, -0.30); healthspan (rg=-0.47; CI: -0.62, -0.31), lifespan (rg=-0.33 (CI: -0.46, -0.21); breastfed as baby (rg=-0.24; 95% CI: -0.38, -0.11); cheese intake (rg=-0.28 (CI: -0.38, -0.18); Covid-19 (rg=0.51, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.90; heavy, manual labor (rg=0.58; CI: 0.45, 0.70); noisy workplace (rg=0.63; CI: 0.48, 0.77); Townsend Deprivation Index (rg=0.70; CI: 0.56, 0.84); gastrointestinal diseases (rg=0.46; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.70); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (rg=0.51; CI: 0.33, 0.68); genitourinary diseases (rg=0.38; CI: 0.22, 0.55); neuroticism (rg=0.29; CI: 0.20, 0.38); seen doctor for nerves, anxiety, tension, or depression (rg=0.42; CI: 0.31, 0.54); plays computer games (rg=0.15; CI: 0.06, 0.25); violent-crime victim (rg=0.36; CI: 0.16, 0.56); risk tolerance (rg=0.50; CI: 0.39, 0.65); saw sudden violent death (rg=0.42; CI: 0.20, 0.64). CONCLUSIONS. Our results suggest ASB shares genetic architecture with Covid-19 and related health outcomes. We discuss the public-health and bioethical implications of our results.

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“…Таким образом, рациональное поведение в отношении здоровья, которое не является безусловно преобладающим даже в рядовых условиях повседневной жизни [4,8] в условиях «новой реальности» пандемии COVID-19 становится важным компонентом социальных исследований. В свою очередь, выявление факторов эффективного защитного поведения населения, является основополагающим компонентом поддержания общественного здоровья и проведения широкомасштабной вакцинации [10,12].…”

Section: Investigations исследованияunclassified

Structure of anxiety and stress as factors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance

Sorokin¹,

Лутова²,

Мазо³

et al. 2021

V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY

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Threats to life and health, the public health crisis associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, have led to 1) accelerated development of vaccines, 2) adverse psychological reactions in the population.Aim: to identify differences in stress, anxiety, protective behavior strategies, and the socio-demographic characteristics of online survey participants, who reported opposing attitudes to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Materials and Methods. In December 2020-January 2021, 131 respondents were assessed (men—21.4%). The Psychological Stress Scale (PSM 25), original questionnaires to evaluate pandemic concerns and protective behavior strategies with special question about COVID-19 vaccine acceptance were used. Effect sizes obtained using Cohen’s d and Cramer’s V measures were calculated for groups, the differences between which were significant (p≤0.05).Results. A 47.3% sample, having PSM-25 rates above the threshold (100 points), showed a distress reaction to the pandemic due to anxiety stress. Compared to the spring of 2020, the number of concerns associated with a noticeable stress growth (ES≥0.34) increased from two to six. Psychological distress, concerns about the possible lack of medication for daily intake, harsh social consequences and self-isolation were associated with only foreign producer vaccine acceptance (ES=0.3-0.5). Absence of excessive fears for own life, concerns about the lack of personal protective equipment and unacceptance of gloves as a measure to prevent infection (ES=0.3-0.4) were important factors associated with any producer vaccine acceptance. Men, comparing to women, were more positive in vaccine acceptance.Conclusion. The anxiety distress is an important factor in the rational attitude to coronavirus infection vaccine.

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Differences in adherence to COVID-19 pandemic containment measures: psychopathy traits, empathy, and sex

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

The Dark Triad trait of psychopathy and message framing predict risky decision‐making during the COVID‐19 pandemic

The Dark Triad trait of psychopathy and message framing predict risky decision‐making during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Shared Genomic Architectures of COVID-19 and Antisocial Behavior

Structure of anxiety and stress as factors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance

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