Para que serve ser uma pessoa no Direito? Diálogos no campo crítico

Abstract

Resumo O artigo examina os efeitos da ideia de pessoa no direito a partir de um diálogo entre a visão crítica de Evguiéni Pachukanis, para quem o sujeito de direitos é tão somente uma forma de viabilizar a dominação do capital, e as contribuições críticas de Franz Neumann, Michel Foucault e Judith Butler. Neumann centraliza a pessoa como princípio fundamental do Estado de Direito, em razão da possibilidade de responsabilização sobre a dominação. O sujeito de direitos é compreendido então como centro de imputação de direitos e deveres e autor das normas que regulam sua vida. Foucault analisa o poder como forma dinâmica e circular nas relações sociais. Judith Butler contribui com seu conceito de resistência e analisa a prática da crítica como uma relação social do sujeito com as normas. No interior do direito, podemos compreende-la como uma reivindicação das normas com o objetivo de transforma-las, a fim de possibilitar a expressão de diferentes formas de vida. Sugerimos analisar, em suma, a possibilidade de uma gramática da regulação social e a ideia de pessoa no direito como propulsora de um processo de construção autônoma e constante de critérios normativos, com base na formulação de igualdade dos sujeitos perante o direito.

What Is It Like to Be an Artificial Intelligence? Nagel’s View From Nowhere and Artificial Intelligence as Subject of Law

“…For Foucault (1995, p. 234), the control of power can be realized by anti-authoritarian struggles that affirm the right to be different and emphasize everything that makes subjects genuinely individual. "The subject, therefore, suffers the effects of power, and it is from these effects that he can be identified and constituted as an individual" (Silva;Rodrigues, 2019Rodrigues, , p. 2297. For Foucault (1999, p. 35), the subject "is an effect of power and is, at the same time, to the same extent that it is an effect of it, it's intermediary: power transits through the individual it has constituted".…”

“…Law is represented by language, semantics, and syntactic authorizes the agent to use Wittgenstein's language games to elaborate public rules capable of legitimizing the emancipatory process. It is the Law itself that, within its legal norms, creates a space for the exercise of autonomy for subjects to manage their lives in society (Silva;Rodrigues, 2019Rodrigues, , p. 2983. Moreover, within the spectrum of artificially intelligent beings, it will be incumbent upon them to disagree and contest the norms to create narratives of their existence vis-à-vis society and the Law.…”

“…Moreover, within the spectrum of artificially intelligent beings, it will be incumbent upon them to disagree and contest the norms to create narratives of their existence vis-à-vis society and the Law. "The critical potential of the indeterminacy of legal norms, therefore, means exploring the possibility of constant revision of legal meanings" (Silva;Rodrigues, 2019Rodrigues, , p. 2983. The function of the subject of Law, in this case, is to act as the center of the democratic legal order for the exercise of their freedoms against the practice of being ruled.…”

“…Nevertheless, in reality, every subjective view that rejects the possibility of other objective forms of participation is also mistaken 13 . Thus, at the core of the rationality of Law is the person as the center of imputation for domination and for the possibility of democratic participation in the norms that govern his life (Silva;Rodrigues, 2019Rodrigues, , p. 2983. On a more abstract level, interspecies recognition is a complementary step to the emancipatory process that guarantees the non-human entity (the AI, in this case) freedom from the state and society to perform acts that require responsibility and to be able to form themselves as political beings.…”