Soil Compaction Due to Wood Harvesting Traffic at Different Extraction Distances

Rodrigues, Carla Krulikowski; Lopes, Eduardo da Silva; Polizeli, Karina Maria Vieira Cavalieri; Müller, Marcelo Marques Lopes

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.004516

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…The extent of machine turning can also influence the severity of soil disturbances, particularly when the change in direction is pronounced [63]. Driving distances within a harvest site could also have an impact on the extent and severity of compaction or rather, that all traffic is funneled to landing sites leads to higher soil compaction at the perimeters of harvest sites [64].…”

Section: Reduced Compaction By Improved Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Mitigate the Effects of Soil Physical Disturbances Caused by Forest Machinery: a Comprehensive Review

et al. 2022

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Purpose of Review Ground-based mechanized forest operations can cause severe soil disturbances that are often long lasting and detrimental to the health of forested ecosystems. To reduce these soil disturbances, focus is being increasingly directed at identifying and using appropriate mitigation techniques. This systematic review considered 104 scientific articles and reported the main findings according to four core themes: terrain-related factors, operational planning, machine modifications, and types of amendments used to mitigate machine-induced soil impacts. Recent Findings For terrain-related factors, most severe disturbances occur on machine operating trails exceeding 20% slope and that soil bulk density and rut depth show greater increases in fine-textured soils. When considering operational planning, trafficability maps proved to be helpful in reducing the frequency and magnitude of soil damages as well as the length of trails needed within harvest sites, especially if they are regularly updated with weather information. Machine modifications, through high flotation tires, use of extra bogie axle, lower inflation pressure, and use of steel flexibles tracks, are highly researched topics because of the considerable upside in terms of machine ground pressure distribution and increased traction. Two main types of amendments emerged to mitigate soil disturbances: brush mats and mulch cover. Brush mats created from harvesting debris can spread the load of a machine to a greater area thereby lowering peak loads transferred to the soil. Brush mats of 15–20 kg m−2 are being recommended for adequate soil protection from harvesting operations. Summary To conclude, we outline recommendations and strategies on the use of soil mitigation techniques within cut-to-length forest operations. New research opportunities are also identified and discussed. Considering single factors causing machine-induced soil disturbances remains important but there is a pressing need for having a multi-disciplinary approach to tackle the complex problems associated with machine/soil/plant interactions.

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Section: Reduced Compaction By Improved Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Mitigate the Effects of Soil Physical Disturbances Caused by Forest Machinery: a Comprehensive Review

et al. 2022

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“…Szymczak et al (2014) argue that it may occur a dissipation of the pressure applied by the traffic of the machines in the soil, not reaching the deeper layers to a considerable level. Rodrigues et al (2018) observed an increase in density and decrease in soil porosity in the soil surface layers after machine traffic in the harvest of Eucalyptus grandis, with values above critical limits in the tracks of machine traffic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…), limitation of adsorption and absorption of nutrients by plants (RICHART et al, 2005). Besides the change in porosity, it results in decrease of pore size (SAMPIETRO; LOPES, 2016) and increase in the values of soil resistance to penetration (RODRIGUES et al, 2018). FLORESTA, Curitiba, PR, v. 50, n. 4, p. 1837-1843 Dias Junior et al (2005) warn that one of the limitations to achieve sustainable forest development is related to the machines traffic during harvesting and wood transshipment operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PHYSICAL QUALITY OF SOIL IN MECHANIZED THINNING OF Eucalyptus sp.

Vargas

Brandelero

Szymczak

et al. 2020

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The traffic of machines is the main cause of compaction of forest soils, causing soil deformations, due to the pressures exerted by the machines, both at the time of cutting and in the transshipment of wood. In this sense, this work had as objective to evaluate soil compaction, caused by the traffic of machines, in the mechanized thinning operation of Eucalyptus saligna Smith. This study was carried out in forest stands, in the municipality of Butiá, RS. Changes in soil physical properties were evaluated in three treatments: with no traffic; after cutting; and after wood transshipment. The forest inventory and collection of undisturbed soil samples were carried out to determine microporosity, macroporosity and bulk density. The experimental design was the completely randomized, in a bifactorial arrangement, with subdivided plots. For the comparison of the physical attributes, the Tukey test (p≤0.05) of significance was used. The results evidenced increase in soil density values, mainly in the treatment after transshipment and decrease in macropores, with values close to and below the limit considerable as detrimental to the development of the plants. The knowledge of soil deformations caused by forest operations contributes to the improvement of future processes aiming to guide the physical quality of the soil, in order to offer beneficial conditions to the growth of the plants.

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“…The density increase recorded for the mechanized CTL treatment was significantly higher than for the manual CTL treatment. As soil compaction is highly complex and a very recent research topic [46][47][48][49][50], further analysis should be conducted if this indicator is of crucial importance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability Assessment of Alternative Thinning Operations in Mediterranean Softwood Plantations

Schweier

Spinelli

Magagnotti

et al. 2018

Forests

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Abstract:Mediterranean pines account for 14,000 ha in Tuscany alone, where they form large and homogeneous stands and represent an important resource for the forest economy. Among the harvesting systems applied to thinning operations, the most popular are whole-tree and cut-to-length harvestings. Both systems can be deployed with different levels of mechanization. The decision about which system might be the best option in a specific case possibly leads to conflicts due to different management goals, for instance when the shift from cut-to-length to whole-tree harvesting systems results in a decrease of costs and an increase of environmental burdens. Thus, an accurate determination of economic, environmental and social indicators is crucial to make balanced decisions. With that in mind, we carried out a sustainability impact assessment of typical forest-wood chain alternatives applied to young Mediterranean pine plantations and made a comparative evaluation by means of multi-criteria analyses. Trials were carried out in umbrella pine (Pinus pinea L.) plantations in Tuscany. The analyzed cases considered four thinning operations and included the processes of harvesting, extraction and chipping. In the analysis, 12 indicators were considered (e.g., global warming potential, fatal accidents). Results of the investigation allow quantifying possible sustainability impacts and, thus, supporting management decisions.

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Soil Compaction Due to Wood Harvesting Traffic at Different Extraction Distances

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Strategies to Mitigate the Effects of Soil Physical Disturbances Caused by Forest Machinery: a Comprehensive Review

Strategies to Mitigate the Effects of Soil Physical Disturbances Caused by Forest Machinery: a Comprehensive Review

PHYSICAL QUALITY OF SOIL IN MECHANIZED THINNING OF Eucalyptus sp.

Sustainability Assessment of Alternative Thinning Operations in Mediterranean Softwood Plantations

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