Terminal care: philosophical reflection from ethical and moral perspectives

Abstract

Objective To reflect on the care practice for patients with a terminal illness from ethical and moral perspectives. Method This is a theoretical-reflective study carried out from the critical analysis of philosophical texts on ethics and morals in the context of human moral development and health practices. Results At the time of Greek philosophers, ethics was based on the search for happiness. However, with the advent of Christianity, this came to be seen as a duty. According to Kant, ethics and morals are duties as well — a categorical imperative — and the life maintenance issue must be pursued, opening space for the occurrence of dysthanasia practices. From Hans Jonas’ point of view, otherwise, health professionals must consider the quality of life of the patient over their life span, introducing concepts of palliative care. Conclusion and implications for the practice The above-mentioned concepts changed over time, and knowing them is necessary for critically reflecting on human finitude and rethinking practices that revolve around this process.