Protein biomarkers of external root resorption: A new protein extraction protocol. Are we going in the right direction?

Vieira, Giovanni Modesto

doi:10.1590/2176-9451.19.6.062-069.oar

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A total of 372 articles were initially identified, duplicate publications were removed, and the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in 20 articles found being included in the final review (Figure 2). 2,5,7,9,12,13,15,16,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 A total of 9 studies examined the resorption severity grades measured in mm, or classified it as mild/moderate/severe, or as coronal/apical resorption. 5,7,9,12,13,19,20,24,29 Resorption with respect to the duration of orthodontic treatment was considered in 7 studies. 7,9,19,20,23,27,30 While the majority of studies had both male and female participants, two studies investigated only female participants.…”

Section: Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,7,9,12,13,19,20,24,29 Resorption with respect to the duration of orthodontic treatment was considered in 7 studies. 7,9,19,20,23,27,30 While the majority of studies had both male and female participants, two studies investigated only female participants. 9,15 Most of the studies collected biomarkers for the experimental or control teeth from the maxillary central and lateral incisors.…”

Section: Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomarkers in External Apical Root Resorption: An Evidence-based Scoping Review in Biofluids

Kapoor¹,

Chowdhry²,

Bagga³

et al. 2022

Rambam Maimonides Med J

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Background: External apical root resorption (EARR), an unwanted sequela of orthodontic treatment, is difficult to diagnose radiographically. Hence, the current scoping review was planned to generate critical evidence related to biomarkers in oral fluids, i.e. gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and blood, of patients showing root resorption, compared to no-resorption or physiologic resorption. Methods: A literature search was conducted in major databases along with a manual search of relevant articles in the library, and further search from references of the related articles in March 2021. The initial search was subjected to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Following PRISMA guidelines, 20 studies were included in the final review. The studies included human clinical trials and cross-sectional and prospective studies with/without control groups with no date/ language restriction. Various biomarkers identified in EARR included dentinal proteins, enzymes, cytokines, and salivary proteins. Severe resorption had higher dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and resorption protein concentrations as well as lower granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as compared with mild resorption. Increased DSP and dentin phosphophoryn (DPP) expression was found in physiologic resorption. Compared to controls, resorbed teeth showed a higher receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand/ osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) ratio. In contrast, levels of anti-resorptive mediators (IL-1RA, IL-4) was significantly decreased. Differences in force levels (150 g and 100 g) showed no difference in resorption, but a significant rise in biomarkers (aspartate transaminase [AST] and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) for 150 g force. Moderate to severe resorption in young patients showed a rise in specific salivary proteins, requiring further validation. Limitations of the studies were heterogeneity in study design, biomarker collection, sample selection, and confounding inflammatory conditions. Conclusions: Various biomarkers in biofluids indicate active resorption, while resorption severity was associated with DSP and GM-CSF in GCF, and a few salivary proteins. However, a robust study design in the future is mandated.

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Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomarkers in External Apical Root Resorption: An Evidence-based Scoping Review in Biofluids

Kapoor¹,

Chowdhry²,

Bagga³

et al. 2022

Rambam Maimonides Med J

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“…GCF biomarker detection has already been employed to clinically track osteoclast activity, bone remodeling, and ERR occurring in particular during orthodontic treatment [ 31 ]. George and Evans tested the hypothesis that during root resorption organic proteins and cytokines from the surrounding bone and dentin are released into the gingival crevice.…”

Section: Biomarkers Associated With Errmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bioinformatics Systems Biology Analysis of the Current Oral Proteomic Biomarkers and Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment of External Root Resorption

Mona

Abbasi

Kobeissy

et al. 2021

IJMS

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External root resorption (ERR) is a silent destructive phenomenon detrimental to dental health. ERR may have multiple etiologies such as infection, inflammation, traumatic injuries, pressure, mechanical stimulations, neoplastic conditions, systemic disorders, or idiopathic causes. Often, if undiagnosed and untreated, ERR can lead to the loss of the tooth or multiple teeth. Traditionally, clinicians have relied on radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images for the diagnosis of ERR; however, these techniques are not often precise or definitive and may require exposure of patients to more ionizing radiation than necessary. To overcome these shortcomings, there is an immense need to develop non-invasive approaches such as biomarker screening methods for rapid and precise diagnosis for ERR. In this review, we performed a literature survey for potential salivary or gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) proteomic biomarkers associated with ERR and analyzed the potential pathways leading to ERR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proteomics biomarker survey that connects ERR to body biofluids which represents a novel approach to diagnose and even monitor treatment progress for ERR.

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“…To achieve this goal, there is still a need for more highresolution protein research methods to look for new molecular markers. The technique of choice for this task is one-dimensional SDS-PAGE, as a proteinextract quality evaluation step followed by twodimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and mass spectrometry 10 . Thus, this study attempts to optimize the method of GCF collection from healthy gingival sites, storage and total protein extraction method that is suitable for the highthroughput 2DE gel-based proteomic analytical techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collection, Storage and Protein Extraction Method of Gingival Crevicular Fluid for Proteomic Analysis

Mohammed-Salih,

Saloom

2022

Baghdad Sci.J

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Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) may reflect the events associated with orthodontic tooth movement. Attempts have been conducted to identify biomarkers reflecting optimum orthodontic force, unwanted sequallea (i.e. root resorption) and accelerated tooth movement. The aim of the present study is to find out a standardized GCF collection, storage and total protein extraction method from apparently healthy gingival sites with orthodontics that is compatible with further high-throughput proteomics. Eighteen patients who required extractions of both maxillary first premolars were recruited in this study. These teeth were randomly assigned to either heavy (225g) or light force (25g), and their site specific GCF was collected at baseline and after 1hr, 1day, 7days, 14days, 21days and 28days post force application. Periostrips were used for GCF collection and subsequent phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was used for immediate protein elution with centrifugal speed of 10000rpm for 5min and stored at -80°C. Protein concentration was estimated using Bradford colorimetric assay. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was carried out to resolve the purity of proteins in the collected samples and the method of collection was validated by western immuno-blotting of alpha amylase salivary enzyme. The current collection, storage and protein extraction protocol showed the best protein recovery and purity with validated collection free of salivary contamination. In conclusion, tiny GCF volume from healthy sites and evaporation issues of such promising non-invasive fluid motivate us to investigate a standardized protocol enabling optimal preservation of GCF sample and the currently followed protocol may serve as a reference for future proteomic studies searching for GCF biomarkers in diagnosing and monitoring orthodontic tooth movement.

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Protein biomarkers of external root resorption: A new protein extraction protocol. Are we going in the right direction?

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Biomarkers in External Apical Root Resorption: An Evidence-based Scoping Review in Biofluids

Biomarkers in External Apical Root Resorption: An Evidence-based Scoping Review in Biofluids

A Bioinformatics Systems Biology Analysis of the Current Oral Proteomic Biomarkers and Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment of External Root Resorption

Collection, Storage and Protein Extraction Method of Gingival Crevicular Fluid for Proteomic Analysis

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