Grain yield, anthesis-silking interval and drought tolerance indices of tropical maize hybrids

Santos, A. A. dos; Pinho, Renzo Garcia Von; Souza, Vander Fillipe de; Guimarães, L. J. M.; Balestre, Márcio; Pires, Luíz Paulo Miranda; Silva, Carlos Pereira da

doi:10.1590/1984-70332020v20n1a10

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Moreover, inheritance of good plant height (relatively taller plants) in hybrids indicates an advantage of producing enough assimilates for partitioning into sinks (grains), which could contribute to high GY. The high R estimate observed for ASI under low soil moisture environments confirmed the results of other researchers (Bänziger et al, 2000;Magorokosho & Tongoona, 2003;Santos et al, 2020), who determined that ASI is a predictable secondary trait for identifying drought-tolerant maize genotypes. It was striking to find higher R estimates for most traits under optimal growing conditions relative to their counterparts under drought.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The results implied that, for this set of inbred lines, ASI and plant height are stable traits that could be transferred to hybrids even under limited soil moisture conditions. Hybrids with low and stable ASI under drought would consistently have fewer days between anthesis and silking under drought for (Bänziger et al, 2000;Magorokosho & Tongoona, 2003;Santos et al, 2020), who determined that ASI is a predictable secondary trait for identifying drought-tolerant maize genotypes. It was striking to find higher R estimates for most traits under optimal growing conditions relative to their counterparts under drought.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing inbred–hybrid relationships for developing drought‐tolerant provitamin A–quality protein maize hybrids

et al. 2020

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Drought-tolerant early-maturing maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines with high levels of provitamin A (PVA) and quality protein (QPM) are urgently needed for development of superior hybrids to mitigate malnutrition and to intensify maize production and productivity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study was designed to identify early-maturing inbred lines with combined tolerance to drought, elevated tryptophan, and PVA contents; to examine inbred-hybrid relationships for tryptophan and PVA accumulation; and to select hybrids with outstanding grain yield (GY) performance. A total of 64 inbred lines and six checks, plus 96 hybrids and four checks, were evaluated under drought and well-watered environments in Nigeria for 2 yr. Eighteen parental lines and 54 derived hybrids were assayed for tryptophan and PVA contents. Ten drought-tolerant inbred lines with high tryptophan and elevated PVA levels were identified in the top 10 hybrid combinations across managed drought and well-watered conditions. The inbredhybrid relationship was significant for GY under each and across the two contrasting environments. Significant average heterosis was found for tryptophan and PVA under well-watered conditions. This indicated that the selected inbred lines could be used for developing high-yielding PVA-QPM hybrids tolerant to drought stress in SSA. The 10 top-performing PVA-QPM hybrids identified are being extensively evaluated in different locations and subsequently in on-farm trials for commercialization throughout SSA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing inbred–hybrid relationships for developing drought‐tolerant provitamin A–quality protein maize hybrids

et al. 2020

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“…In maize, silk (female) developmental events have been overlooked because of the complexity involved in phenotyping or due to the acropetal development of silk and the short duration of its life span (McNinch et al, 2020). Despite the challenges of phenotyping, silk development in maize was to be the key factor affecting pollination and yield determination (Borrás et al, 2007; Nielsen, 2020; Santos et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of soil moisture stress during the silk emergence and grain‐filling in maize

Vennam,

Poudel,

Ramamoorthy

et al. 2023

Physiologia Plantarum

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Suboptimal soil moisture during the growing season often limits maize growth and yield. However, the growth stage‐specific responses of maize to soil moisture regimes have not been thoroughly investigated. This study investigated the response of maize to five different soil moisture regimes, that are, 0.25, 0.20, 0.15, 0.10, and 0.05 m3 m−3 volumetric water content (VWC), during flowering and grain‐filling stages. Sub‐optimal soil moisture at the flowering and grain‐filling stages reduced ear leaf stomatal conductance by 73 and 64%, respectively. An increase in stress severity caused significant reductions in ear leaf chlorophyll content and greenness‐associated vegetation indices across growth stages. Fourteen days of soil moisture stress during flowering delayed silk emergence, reduced silk length (19%), and silk fresh weight (34%). Furthermore, sub‐optimal soil moisture caused a significant reduction in both kernel number (53%) and weight (54%). Soil moisture stress at the flowering had a direct impact on kernel number and an indirect effect on kernel weight. During grain‐filling, disruption of ear leaf physiology resulted in a 34% decrease in kernel weight and a 43% decrease in kernel number. Unlike grain‐filling, treatments at the flowering significantly reduced kernel starch (3%) and increased protein by 29%. These findings suggest that developing reproductive stage stress‐tolerant hybrids with improved resilience to soil moisture stress could help reduce the yield gap between irrigated and rainfed maize.

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“…Among the traits, ASI differed significantly between the best and worst performing hybrids and mid‐parents grown under HMDS, while no significant differences were observed under WW conditions. Several studies on abiotic stress tolerance reported the usefulness of ASI as good indicator for stress tolerance (Bolaños & Edmeades, 1996; Ribaut et al, 1996; Santos et al, 2020). The highest yielding hybrids were taller than the poorest yielders under both HMDS and WW conditions, and this implies that selection of taller plants could improve GY.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting zinc‐enhanced maize hybrid performance under stress conditions

Matongera

Ndhlela²,

Biljon

et al. 2023

Food and Energy Security

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The low yield potential of most biofortified maize is a barrier to its full adoption and reduces its potential to curb various macro‐ and micronutrient deficiencies highly prevalent in low‐income regions of the world, such as sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). By crossing biofortified inbred lines with different nutritional attributes such as zinc (Zn), provitamin A and protein quality, breeders are attempting to develop agronomically superior and stable multi‐nutrient maize of different genetic backgrounds. A key question, however, is the relationship between the biofortified inbred lines per se and hybrid performance under stress and non‐stress conditions. In this study, inbred line per se and testcross performance were evaluated for grain yield and secondary traits of Zn‐enhanced normal, provitamin A and quality protein maize (QPM) hybrids and estimated heterosis under combined heat and drought (HMDS) and well‐watered (WW) conditions. Responses of all secondary traits, except for the number of days to mid‐anthesis, significantly differed for HMDS and WW conditions. The contribution of heterosis to grain yield was highly significant under both management levels, although higher mid and high‐parent heterosis was observed under WW than HMDS conditions. However, the findings suggest that inbred line performance was the best determinant of hybrid performance under HMDS. Strong correlations were observed between grain yield and secondary traits for both parents and hybrids, and between secondary traits of inbred lines and hybrids under both management levels, indicating that hybrid performance can be predicted based on intrinsic inbred line performance. Phenotypic correlation between grain yield of inbred lines and hybrids was higher under HMDS than WW conditions. This study demonstrated that under HMDS conditions, performance of Zn‐enhanced hybrids could be predicted based on the performance of their corresponding inbred lines. However, the parental inbred lines should be systematically selected for desirable secondary traits correlated with HMDS tolerance during inbred line development.

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Grain yield, anthesis-silking interval and drought tolerance indices of tropical maize hybrids

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Assessing inbred–hybrid relationships for developing drought‐tolerant provitamin A–quality protein maize hybrids

Assessing inbred–hybrid relationships for developing drought‐tolerant provitamin A–quality protein maize hybrids

Impact of soil moisture stress during the silk emergence and grain‐filling in maize

Predicting zinc‐enhanced maize hybrid performance under stress conditions

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