Prevalência De Anomalias Congênitas E Fatores Associados Em Recém-Nascidos Do Município De São Paulo No Período De 2010 a 2014

Abstract

Objective: To study the prevalence of congenital anomalies in newborns in the city of São Paulo from 2010 to 2014, as well as to analyze other variables associated with the anomalies.Methods: Data was collected from the Ministry of Health’s Live Births Information System (SINASC) from 2010 to 2014 in São Paulo City. The variables analyzed were length and type of pregnancy, maternal age, and ethnicity and sex of the newborn. The absolute and relative frequencies of congenital anomalies were verified, and the variables associated with them were calculated with the odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval.Results: A total of 819,018 live births occurred in the city of São Paulo, and in 14,657 (1.6%) of them, some congenital anomaly was reported. The most frequent congenital anomalies found were those related to osteoarticular system followed by those related to the cardiovascular system. Risks associated with the presence of congenital anomalies were observed in the following factors: maternal age over 40 years (OR=1.59; 95%CI 1.47-1.71), multiple pregnancies (OR=1.28; 95%CI 1.19-3.77), and low birth weight (OR=3.35; 95%CI 3.21-3.49). The female gender was considered a protective variable (OR=0.78; 95%CI 0.75-0.81).Conclusions: Congenital anomalies are responsible for morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period. Their early diagnosis is important for planning and resource allocation of specialized health services directed toward the families and infants.

Factors associated with the presence of cleft lip and / or cleft palate in Brazilian newborns

“…The presence of cleft was associated with prematurity, race/color white, children of mothers with age greater than or equal to 35 years old and worse conditions of vitality at birth. [12][13][14][15][16] The average rate of cleft lip and/or cleft palate was 0.51/1000 live births; corroborating an analysis carried out in the period from 2000 to 2013 that pointed to a national average of 0.48/1000 live births. 13 As regards the Brazilian regions most affected by this anomaly, the South and Southeast regions presented higher rates, a fact that is consistent with the literature, in which the higher prevalence of cleft lip and/or cleft palate in Brazil was verified in the South region, being the lowest rate corresponding to the northeast region.…”

“…In relation to maternal age, the age greater than or equal to 35 was also found in a case-control study conducted in Iran, with 187 children, as a risk factor for fissure, 15 as well as in a Brazilian study. 13 Growing scientific evidence indicating that the advanced maternal age is a factor associated with the development of congenital anomalies.…”

Anxiety of mothers of newborns with congenital malformations in the pre- and postnatal periods

“…The Southeastern and North regions present the highest proportion of death records for this cause, accounting for 35.9% and 24.5%, respectively 5 . A study about the prevalence of malformations in São Paulo concluded that early diagnosis of malformations is important to reduce early neonatal morbidity and mortality and to improve quality of life and survival rates 6 . …”

Associação entre Tipo de Parto e Doenças em até 1 Ano de Vida na Coorte de Nascimentos de 2015 em Pelotas/Rs

“…As doenças mais prevalentes foram aquelas enquadradas nas categorias Q, K e J, de acordo com a Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID), que representam malformações congênitas, deformidades e anomalias cromossômicas e doenças dos aparelhos digestivo e respiratório, respectivamente. Dentre as variáveis do estudo, a idade materna igual ou superior a 30 anos foi fator de risco para a ocorrência de alguma doença nas crianças, sendo idade avançada da mãe e anomalias cromossômicas uma associação já conhecida na literatura (COSME et al, 2017e SENESI et al, 2004. O resultado de não associação da cesariana com o risco de atopia inalatória ou dermatite atópica é consistente com o achado de BAGER et al (2008), concluindo que o aumento de cesarianas durante as últimas décadas é causa improvável para a epidemia de alergia observada durante o mesmo período.…”