Acute pain from the perspective of minor trauma patients treated at the emergency unit

Abstract

Objective:To study the factors that infl uence the perception of acute pain and the consequences of this experience in patients suff ering from mild trauma. Method: Descriptive qualitative study conducted in an emergency service in southern Brazil. Data was collected in October 2013, through semi-structured interviews with 29 individuals who reported pain after physical trauma, regardless of the triggering factor. To process the data, we used a Content Analysis technique, subject modality. Results: Two categories emerged: Factors that infl uence the perception of pain resulting from trauma and, Consequences of acute pain due to trauma. The acute pain sensation was infl uenced by biological, emotional, spiritual and socio-cultural factors and induced biological and emotional consequences for individuals. Conclusion:The health professionals need to consider the factors that infl uence soreness and its consequences for the proper assessment and management of pain resulting from trauma. Keywords: Acute pain. Pain perception. Wounds and injuries. Emergency medical service. Nursing care. RESUMOObjetivo: conhecer os fatores que infl uenciam a percepção da dor aguda e as consequências dessa experiência em pacientes vítimas de trauma leve. Método: Estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa realizado em um serviço de pronto atendimento no Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados em outubro de 2013, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com 29 indivíduos que relataram dor após trauma físico, independentemente do fator desencadeador. Para o tratamento dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias: fatores que infl uenciam a percepção da dor decorrente de trauma e consequências da dor aguda decorrente de trauma. A sensação dolorosa aguda foi infl uenciada por fatores biológicos, emocionais, espirituais e socioculturais e acarretou consequências biológicas e emocionais nos indivíduos. Conclusão: Os profi ssionais de saúde precisam considerar os fatores interferentes na sensação dolorosa e suas consequências para a adequada avaliação e manejo da dor decorrente do trauma. Palavras-chave: Dor aguda. Percepção da dor. Ferimentos e lesões. Serviços médicos de emergência. Cuidados de enfermagem. RESUMEN Objetivo:Conocer los factores que infl uyen la percepción del dolor agudo y las consecuencias de esta experiencia en pacientes que sufren trauma leve. Método: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo realizado en un servicio de urgencia en el sur de Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados en octubre de 2013, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 29 individuos que informaron dolor después de un traumatismo físico. Para el tratamiento de los datos se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido, temática. Resultados: Emergieron dos categorías: factores que infl uyen en la percepción del dolor resultante de trauma y consecuencias de dolor agudo debido a traumatismo. La sensación dolorosa aguda fue infl uenciada por factores biológicos, emocionales, espiritual...

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