Discourses on the nursing and psychiatric nurse models, published in the Annals of Nursing (1933-1951)

Abstract

Social-historical study aimed at discussing the nursing and psychiatric nurse models, from the discourses published in the Annals of Nursing.The historical sources were articles published in the Annals of Nursing journal, from 1933 to 1951. An analysis of the discourse was subsidized by the genealogy of power by Michel Foucault.The analysis showed that the discourse on nursing and the psychiatric nurse, in the first half of the 20th century, is set, on one side, by the propositions used by psychiatrists, who sought to reiterate stereotypes and vocations to practice nursing, and, on the other side, by the active participation of nurses seeking to legitimize expertise for psychiatric nursing. It was concluded that the discourses analyzed defined a psychiatric care focused on the nurse and not the rest of the nursing staff, at that time.

Nursing Practice at a Psychiatric Emergency Service: Evaluation Using Fourth Generation Assessment

“…9,24 In one study that was aimed at analyzing how the conflict is manifested in interpersonal relationships and the magnitude it gains in nurses' management practice, it was verified that these professionals not always get burdened simply due to their own work, as this often happens because they assume other activities and/or roles to reduce the existing conflict in the multidisciplinary team.…”

“…4,6 The few studies that describe the mental health care process point towards the existence of a high care demand at emergency services, possibly compromising the quality of the health actions offered. 4,[7][8] Concerning the nurses' activities in PES, scientific production is even scarcer, 9 mainly when considering subjective aspects, related to these professionals' activities in the institutional care system [10][11] ; and also aspects based on the perspectives of users, professionals and family members, called stakeholders in this study.…”

O ensino de enfermagem psiquiátrica na Escola Ana Néri, na primeira metade do século XX

“…Os Pelas circunstâncias de sua criação, a EAN tinha como filosofia formar profissionais de alto padrão, para que ocupassem lugares de destaque no campo da saúde pública (9) . Com isso, não participou de imediato das experiências de preparação formal de pessoal de enfermagem para trabalhar em hospitais psiquiátricos e em programas de Higiene Mental, cuja implementação foi intensificada nas décadas de 1920 a 1940 (8) . A formação na EAN tinha características disciplinares rígidas e o ensino contemplava a assistência de enfermagem em diversas especialidades clínicas (9) , exceto na psiquiatria.…”

“…Logo, ao formar enfermeiras para atuar na Saúde Pública, a EAN era um campo preparatório de profissionais capazes de divulgar as ideias de prevenção das chamadas moléstias mentais, tanto assim, que um dos professores da disciplina era o psiquiatra Plínio Olinto, um dos integrantes da LBHM (8) .…”

“…As pessoas que procuravam os hospitais psiquiátricos para trabalhar deveriam se submeter às normas disciplinares que orientavam o funcionamento dos asilos, mas nem sempre esses profissionais se submetiam a tais normas e, por isso, lhes eram atribuídas características como despreparados culturalmente e despossuídos de qualquer vocação para trabalhar com doentes mentais (8)(9) . Isso gerava uma alta rotatividade dos profissionais de enfermagem e a assistência acabava ficando nas mãos de atendentes, que eram pessoas que integravam a equipe de enfermagem sem nenhum preparo formal e muitas vezes semi-alfabetizados.…”