Ethanolic extract of Casearia sylvestris Sw exhibitsin vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities andin vivo hypolipidemic effect in rats

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The Casearia sylvestris Sw (Flacourtiaceae) is a shrub that occurs in forests of Southern Brazil; its leaves are widely used in folk medicine as a depurative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antiulcerogenic agent. The objective of this study was to perform the phytochemical description and to evaluate the pharmacological activities (antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant and toxicity) of the ethanolic extract (EE) of C. sylvestris Sw. In addition, we also evaluated the effect of the EE of C. sylvestris Sw on the glucose levels and lipid profile in blood serum of rats submitted to a model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Material and Methods: In vitro assay: the detection of chemical groups was done through chemical reactions with the development of color or precipitate and by chromatographic profile; the antioxidant activity was measured by the method of reduction of DPPH free radical (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl); the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was evaluated by the broth microdilution method, and the Minimum Bactericide Concentration and the Minimum Fungicide Concentration were performed in Petri dishes; the cytotoxic activity was measured by the Artemia salina test. In vivo assay: diabetic and non-diabetic rats were treated with EE of C. sylvestris Sw (300 mg/ kg) for 45 days, and the glycaemia and lipid profile were analyzed. Results: The EE showed a Lethal Dose 50 of 724.76 µg.mL -1 and important antioxidant, fungicide and fungistatic activities. The EE showed better antimicrobial activity regarding the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella setubal. Conclusion: The EE of C. sylvestris Sw produces a significant decrease in triglycerides, total cholesterol and VLDL levels without any significant alteration in the glycaemia. The EE of C. sylvestris Sw presents antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and it exhibits a potent hypolipidemic effect.Keywords: antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, diabetes, glycaemia, lipid profile. RESUMO: Extrato etanólico de Casearia sylvestris Sw apresenta atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana in vitro e efeito hipolipemiante em ratos. Casearia sylvestris Sw(Flacourtiaceae) é uma planta comumente encontrada em florestas do sul do Brasil; suas folhas são amplamente utilizadas na medicina popular como depurativa, analgésica, anti-inflamatória e anti ulcerogênica. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar uma descrição fitoquímica e da atividade farmacológica (antimicrobiana, antifúngica, antioxidante e toxicidade) do extrato etanólico (EE) da C. Sylvestris Sw. Adicionalmente, procurou-se avaliar o efeito do EE da C. Sylvestris Sw sobre os níveis séricos de glicose e perfil lipídico de ratos submetidos a um modelo de diabetes induzida por estreptozotocina. A detecção de grupos químicos foi realizada por reações químicas de coloração ou precipitação, e também por cromatografia; a atividade antioxidante foi mensurada pelo método de redução do DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil); a concentração mínima inibitória foi realizad...

Identification of flavonoid‐3‐O‐glycosides from leaves of Casearia arborea (Salicaceae) by UHPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐HRMS/MS combined with molecular networking and NMR

“…They found that this activity was higher than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and quercetins in lower concentrations by the phytochemical composition of phenolic compounds (flavonoids and coumarins). The authors described the improvement of lipidic profile in vivo with ethanolic extract, corroborating previous antihyperlipidemic activity, 39 and possible cardioprotective effects associated with lipid profile enhancement 38 . Vieira‐Júnior et al .…”

“…The activity of C. sylvestris methanolic extract was more significant in PND preparations incubated with venom or toxin and was possibly associated with the phytocomplex of glycosylated flavonoids containing rutin in the majority; nevertheless, rutin alone did not show the same effect 34,36 . Espinosa et al 38 . evaluated the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of C. sylvestris in vitro .…”

“…obtained an extract of leaves from C. gossypiosperma rich in the flavonoid (+)‐taxifolin (3.8 g), representing an intriguing source of food, cosmetics, or pharmaceutical applications 13 . More activities for flavonoids were also reported, including anti‐inflammatory, 40 antimicrobial, 38 and anti‐ Leishmania 17 activities.…”