Water pH and hardness alter ATPases and oxidative stress in the gills and kidney of pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus )

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the effects of low and high water hardness in interaction with different water pH in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Pacu juveniles were subjected to low (50 mg CaCO3 L-1 - LWH) or high water hardness (120 mg CaCO3 L-1 - HWH) at water pH of 5.5 (acidic), 7.5 (circumneutral) or 9.0 (alkaline) for 15 days. Gills and kidneys were collected (days 1, 5 and 15). Gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) activities were higher in alkaline pH with HWH on day 1. Gill and kidney NKA and V-ATPase activities were higher in acidic pH with LWH on day 15. Gill NKA activity of pacus under alkaline pH with LWH was higher than those exposed to HWH. Reduced antioxidant capacity in the gills and kidney and enhanced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were demonstrated in fish exposed to acidic or alkaline pH, mainly with LWH. HWH increased glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and reduced TBARS levels in the gills and kidney. On day 15, GST activity was increased at acidic pH with LWH. In conclusion, circumneutral pH presents less oxidative stress and fewer variations in ATPases and HWH reduced deleterious effects in fish exposed to acidic or alkaline pH.

Integrated use of biomarkers to assess the impact of heavy metal pollution on Solea aegyptiaca fish in Lake Qarun

“…The higher LPO and lower TAC in the gills, liver, and muscles of Solea aegyptiaca exposed to alkaline pH at the eastern and southern sectors in this study were expected and demonstrated that the function of these organs was affected, and fish were not able to neutralise ROS. Similarly, in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Amazon catfish (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum), and pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), alkaline pH present more deleterious effects than acidic pH [93][94][95]. However, the deterioration of water quality in extreme drought conditions during the dry season (summer season) causes oxidative stress and enhanced peroxidation of lipids as fish are subjected to hypoxia under these conditions [96].…”

Acute and sub‐lethal effects of nitrate on haematological and oxidative stress parameters of juvenile mullet (Mugil liza) in freshwater

“…The GST is a family of enzymes that mitigate cellular toxicity through the conjugation of toxic metabolites or by‐products of lipid peroxidation with reduced glutathione (Hayes & Pulford, 1995). Elevated GST activity indicates adjustments to neutralize elevated levels of ROS and/or toxic metabolites, indicating a higher detoxification capability (Copatti, Baldisserotto, Souza, Monserrat, et al, 2019). In the present study, exposure of fish to concentrations between 8.16 and 52.66 mg NO 3 –N L −1 on day 1 can be interpreted as an indication of a more oxidative environment in cells, since this concentration of nitrate had elevated GST activity in gills, liver and muscle on day 1 compared with days 2 and 5.…”

“…The total antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) was determined through the detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration in samples treated or not with a peroxyl radical generator according to Amado et al, 2009. The process is described in detail by Copatti et al (2019). The data were expressed as the relative area, where a higher relative area means a lower antioxidant capacity and vice versa.…”

Effects of soil trace metals, organic carbon load and physicochemical stressors on active oxygen species metabolism in Scylla serrata sampled along the Bay of Bengal in Odisha state, India

“…Several studies indicate that environmental factors may cause the production of free radicals (pro-oxidants) in the aerobes that can damage all macromolecules such as protein, lipid, and nucleic acids, leading to a physiological state called OS (Wells et al, 1993;Beyer, 1994;Cohen et al, 1996;UH and Bhattacharya, 2006;Alves de Almeida et al, 2007;Marxen et al, 2007;Mamun et al, 2008;Monteiro et al, 2009;Shen et al, 2011;Fu et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2013;Paital, 2014;Paul et al, 2015;Yesaki and Iwama, 2015;Rivera-Ingraham et al, 2016;Deng et al, 2017;González Durán et al, 2018;Suman et al, 2018;Copatti et al, 2019;. When electrons are leaked and it increases during their flow via electron transport complex enzymes, especially at the complex I, III and IV, it leads to the incomplete reduction of oxygen (Giraud-Billoud et al, 2019).…”