A new species of Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro from Uruguay (Teleostei: Cichliformes)

Abstract

We describe a new species of a substrate-brooding Gymnogeophagus, based on coloration characters. The new species can be distinguished from the remaining substrate-brooding species in the genus by the unique pigmentation of the dorsal fin which consists of light blue, diagonal stripes over a red background in the spiny section and a combination of round, elliptic, and elongated bright blue spots over a red background in the soft section. It can be further distinguished from all other species of Gymnogeophagus by the following combination of characters: a discontinuous bright blue band above the upper lateral line in the humeral area, light blue roundish spots over a red to orange background on the anal fin, and conspicuous bright blue horizontal bands on body. The new species inhabits a wide range of freshwater habitats in the lower rio Uruguay basin, Rio de la Plata coastal drainages and Atlantic Ocean coastal drainages in Uruguay.Describimos una nueva especie de Gymnogeophagus con incubación de sustrato, en base a caracteres cromáticos. La nueva especie puede ser diferenciada de las restantes especies del género por la exclusiva pigmentación de la aleta dorsal, la que consiste de bandas oblicuas de color celeste sobre fondo rojo en la porción espinosa y una combinación de manchas redondas, elípticas, o alargadas azul brillantes sobre fondo rojo en la porción blanda. Además puede ser distinguida de las otras especies de Gymnogeophagus por la siguiente combinación de caracteres: banda horizontal azul iridiscente situada por encima de la línea lateral superior discontinua en la región humeral, manchas azules brillantes redondeadas sobre fondo rojo anaranjado en la aleta anal, bandas horizontales azul brillante en el cuerpo conspicuas. La nueva especie habita una amplia gama de hábitats de agua dulce en el sector inferior de la cuenca del río Uruguay, los drenajes costeros del Río de la Plata y drenajes costeros del Océano Atlántico en Uruguay.

A new mouth brooder species of Gymnogeophagus with hypertrophied lips (Cichliformes: Cichlidae)

“…Examined material of Gymnogeophagus belong to the fish collections of the Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (MCP), Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo (MHNM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (UFRGS), and Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad de la República, Montevideo (ZVC-P). Additional comparisons were done using data or specimens listed by Reis, Malabarba (1988), González-Bergonzoni et al (2009 and Loureiro et al (2016). Counts and measurements were taken according to Malabarba et al (2015) and asterisks represents counts from the holotype.…”

“…1). Gymnogeophagus includes one extinct species, G. eocenicus Malabarba, Malabarba & Del Papa, 2010, known from fossil records of the Eocene Lumbrera Formation in northwestern Argentina, and 18 extant species from Paraná, Paraguay and Uruguay basins and small coastal drainages of Uruguay and southern Brazil, with one species, G. balzanii, also occurring in the rio Guaporé, Amazon drainage Loureiro et al, 2016;Casciotta et al, 2017a).…”

“…Two major clades of Gymnogeophagus are recognized: one containing substrate breeder species, whose females deposit adhesive eggs on a surface and one or both parents guard and tend them, and another that includes mouth breeder species, where one or both parents brood orally the eggs and young (Reis, Malabarba, 1988;Wimberger et al, 1998). The substrate breeder clade has been treated as the G. rhabdotus clade, G. rhabdotus species group or G. rhabdotus group (Malabarba et al, 2010;Loureiro et al, 2016;Říčan et al, 2018, respectively) and includes G. rhabdotus (Hensel, 1870), G. che Casciotta, Casciotta, Gómez & Toresanni, 2000, G. meridionalis Reis & Malabarba, 1988, G. setequedas Reis, Malabarba & Pavanelli, 1992, G. taroba Casciotta, Almirón, Piálek & Říčan, 2017, and G. terrapurpura Loureiro, Zarucki, Malabarba & González-Bergonzoni, 2016. The mouth breeder clade has been treated as the G. gymnogenys clade and G. gymnogenys group (Malabarba et al, 2010;Říčan et al, 2018, respectively), and includes G. gymnogenys (Hensel, 1870), G. australis (Eigenmann, 1907), G. balzanii (Perugia 1891), G. caaguazuensis Staeck, 2006, G. constellatus Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis, 2015, G. labiatus (Hensel, 1870, G. lacustris Reis & Malabarba, 1988, G. lipokarenos Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis, 2015, G. mekinos Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis, 2015, G. missioneiro Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis, 2015 2015, and G. tiraparae González-Bergonzoni, Loureiro & Oviedo, 2009.…”

Short-Term Interactive Effects of Experimental Heat Waves and Turbidity Pulses on the Foraging Success of a Subtropical Invertivorous Fish

“…We choose G. terrapurpura because it is one of the most abundant fish in Uruguayan aquatic systems [37,38]. It has a wide distribution throughout the lower Uruguay River basin (in south-eastern South America, subtropical climate), where it has been recorded in different habitats including shallow lakes, floodplain lakes, rivers, and streams [39]. The standard length of G. terrapurpura ranges between 10 and 92 mm [37,39], and it reaches maturity (adulthood) at the age of 1 to 2 years, measuring around 55 mm [40].…”

Cytogenetics of Gymnogeophagus setequedas (Cichlidae: Geophaginae), with comments on its geographical distribution

“…Within that tribe, Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 can be diagnosed by two apomorphic traits, the absence of a supraneural bone and the presence of a forward-facing spine of the first dorsal pterygiophore (Reis, Malabarba, 1987). Gymnogeophagus currently comprises 17 species, distributed in the Paraná, Paraguay and Uruguay River basins, as well as the coastal basins of southern Brazil and Uruguay (Kullander, 2003;González-Bergonzoni et al, 2009;Malabarba et al, 2015;Loureiro et al, 2016). Gymnogeophagus setequedas is the only species of that genus considered threatened in all the Brazilian red lists.…”