A influência de dentaduras implanto-suportadas sobre o estado nutricional de indivíduos idosos

Abstract

Purpose: the aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of elderly individuals submitted to surgical-prosthetic oral rehabilitation procedures. Methods: fifteen patients completely edentulous aged 60 years or more were assessed (10 women and 5 men). All individuals wore removable dentures in both arches and had their mandibular dentures replaced by implant-supported prostheses, were submitted to nutritional evaluation comprising anthropometric aspects, biochemical blood analysis and dietary evaluation before surgery and at three and six months after surgery.Results: statistical analysis of the anthropometric evaluation did not reveal significant difference between the study periods, for all parameters investigated. The biochemical evaluation revealed a significant increase in albumin three months after dental treatment, returning to lower levels after six months. The dietary evaluation evidenced that the caloric intake, macronutrients proteins and carbohydrates was not altered after dental treatment. Conversely, the ingestion o lipids were lower six months after dental treatment compared to the previous results. Conclusion: therefore, the placement of implant-supported complete dentures in the elderly individuals investigated in this study did not modify the nutritional condition in the short term, suggests that the subjects maintained the previous dietary characteristics. PatientsFifteen elderly individuals were selected, by non-probability convenience sampling, being ten women and five men, aged 60 to 76 years, with median of 64 years, who attended the Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology, Prosthodontics and Implantology Clinics of the Dental School at the aforementioned university. How inclusion criterion all individuals had good general health, were edentulous, wore complete removable dentures, and presented good clinical conditions of the maxillary arch and mandibular bone structure that allowed placement of implants with minimum length of 10mm.Individuals with history of neurological diseases, head and neck tumors, psychological and psychiatric disorders were excluded, as well as smokers, alcoholics and individuals with abnormal maxillomandibular relationship, such as mandibular prognathism or retrognathism.The individuals were evaluated at three different periods: before (Pre), three months (Post1), and six months (Post2) after the surgical-prosthetic procedure. Surgical-prosthetic proceduresBefore surgery, the conditions of maxillary and mandibular complete dentures worn by the patients were evaluated. Dentures considered as inadequate were replaced.The patients were submitted to the surgical protocol suggested by Branemark et al. 31 (1977), comprising placement of five endosseous implants with 4, 4.5 or 5-mm diameter with smooth surface in the mandibular arch. After implant placement, the abutments were fixed to the implants, followed by procedures for preparation, finishing, polishing and fitting of dentures. The time interval between the insertion of implants and placement of...