Caçar, preparar e comer o ‘bicho do mato’: práticas alimentares entre os quilombolas na Reserva Extrativista Ipaú-Anilzinho (Pará)

Abstract

Resumo: A caça de animais silvestres tem desempenhado um papel importante para a reprodução física e simbólica de famílias rurais que vivem em diferentes regiões tropicais do planeta. Abstract:Hunting of wild animals has played a significant role in the physical and symbolic reproduction of rural families living in various tropical regions of the planet. Indeed, many dimensions of using cynegetic resources as a source of human food have not been sufficiently studied, yet, above all from the viewpoints of Anthropology and Ethnoecology. Such dimensions are often overlooked in biodiversity conservation interventions. This article aims to analyze the use of wild animals in feeding practices among families in the quilombola community of Joana Peres, located in the Extractive Reserve Ipaú-Anilzinho, a conservation unit within the municipality of Baião, Pará, Brazilian Amazon. We conducted the study by using Ethnoecology postulates. We highlight elements having a social and cultural nature that guide the procedures for obtaining, preparing, and eating food through the cynegetic activity. We employed the methods of participant observation and semi-structured and open interviews. We interpret data both qualitatively and quantitatively. Particularly, for each of the species mentioned we seek to calculate the index of Use Value (UV), which allows to demonstrate the degree of relative importance of locally known species. The study has shown that the cynegetic activity involves both nutritional and socio-cultural aspects, since wildlife resources provide protein and the dietary practices are permeated by various processes including habits, imaginary, sociability, taboos, and preparation modes.

Hunting in a community of waste pickers of recyclable materials in Rondônia, Brazil

“…The variety of cinegetetic species intended for consumption offers a certain diversity of choices and, consequently, preferences (Figueiredo & Barros, 2016). In this study, the most preferred species were mammals, the same pattern observed in the Amazon.…”

“…Consistent with existing literature, hunting is predominantly a male activity in which men socialize and obtain food resources from wildlife (Terra & Rebêlo, 2005). Figueiredo and Barros (2016) point out that although hunting is a male activity, their participation in hunting may be limited by: i) physical conditions; ii) forms of access and belonging to a given territory; iii) knowledge of animal habits and behaviors, and iv) hunting strategies.…”

“…The main communities that practice hunting in the Amazon rainforest are: indigenous (Pereira & Schiavetti, 2010), riverside (Lopes et al, 2012), extractives (Figueiredo & Barros, 2016) and settlers (Trinca & Ferrari, 2007). Each of these groups affects wildlife differently due to peculiarities in hunting techniques, hunted species, taboos, the purpose of hunting and the amount of hunting extracted (Trinca & Ferrari, 2007).…”

Conhecimento ecológico tradicional da ictiofauna pelos quilombolas no Alto Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Amazônia meridional, Brasil

“…As pessoas da comunidade também compartilham equipamentos de pesca e espécimes de peixes capturados. Isso faz parte do cotidiano desses locais, configurando-se como uma prática cultural de reciprocidade, o que também foi observado no compartilhamento de pescados em comunidades ribeirinhas no Pantanal (Da Silva; Silva, 1995), no Riozinho do Anfrísio, Pará (Barros, 2012) e na partilha de produtos de caças na comunidade quilombola de Joana Peres, no Pará (Figueiredo;Barros, 2016).…”

“…Proteínas de origem animal fazem parte da dieta alimentar nas mais diferentes culturas, desde o primórdio da evolução (Figueiredo;Barros, 2016), possibilitando a conquista de novos espaços. Entre as proteínas, as provenientes do peixe são alimento do cotidiano em várias partes do mundo, sobretudo em grupos tradicionais (Johannes, 1989;Silva, 1995;Toledo et al, 2003;Dufour, 2004;Adams et al, 2005;Begossi, 2006;Xu et al, 2006;Ramires et al, 2007;Silva, 2007;Begossi;Silvano, 2008;Murrieta et al, 2008;Barros, 2012), conferindo a eles a possibilidade de se fixarem em diferentes lugares.…”