O Trabalhador No Programa Saúde Da Família No Interior Do Estado Do Amazonas: Um Estudo Qualitativo

Abstract

Resumo Este artigo traz uma análise da relação trabalho-subjetividade na Estratégia Saúde da Família no interior do estado do Amazonas, sob a perspectiva da psicodinâmica do trabalho, segundo a qual o trabalho é aquilo que demanda, além do saber-fazer, engajamento do corpo e mobilização da inteligência, a capacidade de refletir, criar e inventar. Propôs-se, a partir daí, uma análise do que é invisível no trabalho, com base nas falas de 75 profissionais da saúde na Estratégia Saúde da Família de quatro municípios do Estado do Amazonas (Coari, Manacapuru, Parintins e São Gabriel da Cachoeira), obtidas por meio de entrevistas individuais, grupos focais e observação participante. Foram identificados diferentes conteúdos significativos do trabalho, ou seja, o sentido simbólico que ele introduz na sua atividade de trabalho, além de estratégias defensivas para a mediação do sofrimento, entre elas a racionalização e a relação de confiança e cooperação encontrada na equipe. Os trabalhadores da Estratégia Saúde da Família na Amazônia mostraram enfrentar questões peculiares quanto aos serviços de saúde desses locais. Por meio desta pesquisa qualitativa, pudemos dar voz ao trabalhador, considerando-o como o principal gestor de seu próprio trabalho, permitindo através da reflexão vislumbrar seu potencial de gerar mudanças a partir do trabalho cotidiano. Palavras-chave trabalhadores; serviços de saúde; saúde da família.Abstract This article analyzes the relationship between work and subjectivity in the Family Health Strategy in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, from the perspective of the psychodynamics of work, pursuant to which work is what imposes demands, in addition to know-how, the engagement of the body and mobilization of intelligence, the ability to reflect, create, and invent. From there, it was proposed an analysis of those things that are invisible at work, based on the statements of 75 health professionals working in the Family Health Strategy at four municipalities in the state of Amazonas (Coari, Manacapuru, Parintins, and São Gabriel da Cachoeira), obtained via individual interviews, focus groups, and participant observation. Different types of significant labor content have been identified, i.e., the symbolic sense that it introduces in one's work activity, in addition to defensive strategies for the mediation of suffering, including the rationalization and the relationship of trust and cooperation found in the team. The Family Health Strategy workers in Amazonas showed they come up against unique issues in the provision of health services at these locations. Through this qualitative survey, we give voice to the workers, considering them as the main managers of their own work, allowing, through reflection, them to envision their potential to create change from their daily work.

Saúde do trabalhador no contexto da estratégia de saúde da família: revisão integrativa de literatura

“…In this category, eight articles were included, 11,13,15,[17][18][19][20][21] which corresponds to 42% of the number of articles analyzed. In this context, it was observed that Permanent Health Education (PHE) can be a protective factor for workers, and one of the areas of greatest need to implement practices in PHE is mental health.…”

“…This moment is also conducive to the identification of possible gaps between managers and workers, expanding their participation in decision-making, establishing co-responsibility in the results and improving the established indicators. 11,17,21 In order to establish educational processes based on PHE, in the context of the FHS, the interests of those involved must be respected, as well as the particularities of the work territory. The use of dynamic methodologies can better involve workers and facilitate learning, since the history and practice of those involved will be the starting point for changes and shared constructions, thus favoring the protagonism of the worker, being a defense mechanism in the establishment of illness processes.…”

“…The use of dynamic methodologies can better involve workers and facilitate learning, since the history and practice of those involved will be the starting point for changes and shared constructions, thus favoring the protagonism of the worker, being a defense mechanism in the establishment of illness processes. 13,15,17,19,21 Illness and mental and emotional overload of workers…”

“…In this category, 14 articles were included, 9,10,12,13,[15][16][17][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] which corresponds to 74% of the number of articles analyzed.…”

“…9,10,27 In this context, workers with long daily hours, especially when they have more than one job, inflexible hours and precarious working conditions, are vulnerable to psychosocial risks, being more likely to present a risk of psychological distress. 9,12,13,[15][16][17]21,24 It appears that the institutional requirements -of the community and personal -, associated with the actions involved in the act of working, lead to consequences such as loss of the profession's specifics, distortion of its attributions and states of alienation, expressed by the little reflection and discussion about the own practice. This process, in turn, catalyzes psychological suffering.…”