Confini contesi: chiusure selettive e iniziative solidali

Abstract

Riassunto. L’articolo si propone due obiettivi. In primo luogo intende approfondire il tema del ritorno dei confini, illustrandone l’articolazione a diversi livelli e il funzionamento selettivo, come effetto di un regime neo-liberale di governo della mobilità umana: un regime che incorpora disuguaglianze profonde nella distribuzione del diritto a muoversi attraverso i confini. Il caso dei respingimenti al confine con la Bosnia e la responsabilità dell’agenzia Frontex verranno approfonditi per illustrare il funzionamento della vigilanza sulle frontiere da parte dell’UE. La pandemia inoltre ha favorito il rafforzamento di misure di restrizione degli accessi dei migranti indesiderati nei paesi sviluppati. In secondo luogo, l’articolo rivolge lo sguardo agli attori e alle iniziative che cercano di aprire spazi di solidarietà e accoglienza nei confronti dei migranti e dei richiedenti asilo, contestando sul piano pratico l’assolutizzazione dei confini e l’esclusione di chi bussa alle porte del Nord del mondo. Tra i molti esempi possibili, ne vengono trattati due: le cosiddette “città santuario” e i corridoi umanitari. A partire da questi esempi sarà sviluppato nelle conclusioni il concetto di “solidarietà contro i confini”.

Therapeutic Plasmapheresis: A Revision of Literature

“…The secondary deep fiber filter, placed in series behind the plasma separator, allows in relation to its pores size, the separation of large molecules from the rest of the plasma. Only pathogenic macromolecules (immunoglobulins, immune complexes, and others) remain trapped into the filter pores, while the purified plasma returns to the patient avoiding, in most cases, the replacement solutions [4,15]. During treatment, the cascade filter can saturate, so it can be decompressed by performing a purge of plasma waste, until a total loss of 250 mL of plasma; once this limit is exceeded, it is necessary to proceed with the early return of blood and plasma to the patient.…”

“…Low cutoff cascade filters have pores ranging in size from 0.01 to 0.02 microns, depending on the dimension, the mass, and the type of the pathogen to be trapped. Filters with larger pores eliminate IgM, cryoglobulins, or lipid and could be used in several conditions such as Waldenstrom' macroglobulinemia, cryoglobulinemia, MAG antibody polyneuropathy, panarteritis nodosa, nephrotic syndrome, hypertriglyceridemia, and HCV removal in liver transplants [4]. Filters with smaller pore size reach the maximum removal of IgA and IgG with a consequent increase in albumin loss.…”

“…Instead, secondary filters with pores middle size present a good compromise between IgG/IgA removal and low albumin content. The latter is recommended for the treatment of ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation, post kidney transplant rejection anti HLA antibodies, IgA/IgG myeloma, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, focal glomerulosclerosis, and neurological immuno-mediated diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) and myasthenia gravis [4,13,17].…”

“…Allow-Kidney Blood Press Res 2023;48:66-78 DOI: 10.1159/000528556 ing the treatment of large amount of PV and avoiding the infusion of donor fresh plasma or replacement solutions, since the purified plasma returns to the patient. This selection is permitted by the contact of the plasma with adsorbent substances present in the columns in which it is conveyed the unclean plasma to be purified [4,14,29].…”

“…This is allowed by hollow fiber filters with variable porosity. Treated plasma is then reinfused [4] (Table 1). Clinical indications to therapeutic apheresis (TA) are enclosed in the McLeod criteria [5], periodically updated by the American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) and classified according to the grade of evidence [6] (Table 2).…”